11 10 193 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource People People An individual. Metadata for a person provides detailed biographical information to describe the life of a historical figure. Birth Date 1914? Death Date 1973-02-28 Occupation Politician Civic Leader Activist, Civil Rights Social Worker Source of File Attached "Theater Accepts Negro In South." The Record, February 23, 1963, p.2. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Tibbs, Vincente K. (1914-1973) Description An account of the resource Vincente K. Tibbs was a social worker, Englewood Movement leader, and City Council president from the 4th ward. He a Democrat and was elected in 1960. He worked to help race relations between white and black residents. Tibbs lived in Harlem and graduated from DeWitt Clinton High School. He graduated from Shaw University with a degree in social science in 1939. He gained a master's degree from the Columbia School of Social Work in 1949. Tibbs also served in the Navy in World War II. Tibbs was involved with the Bureau of Community Education of the New York City Board of Education, Camp Kilmer Hob Corps., NYU's School of Education, the New Jersey Regional Durg Abuse Agency, the Social Service Federation, and the Englewood Community Center. He was a member of the Congress of Racial Equity, the NAACP, the Urban League, and the Henry Douglas Post 58. He married Primrose Barnwell. He had a daughter, Dana Macon. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Kuhn, John H. "Vincente Tibbs, 59, dies; councilman in Englewood." The Record, January 2, 1973. Subject The topic of the resource Activism, African American Social Classes, Tensions Between Race Relations Englewood New Jersey, Fourth Ward Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Ludder, Rachelle Colman, David Activism African American Politics Race https://archive.englewoodmakeshistory.org/files/original/e07fb29ec442605b2560ce1410c9caa8.jpg 9774e3d0af7685de624db3c7c8bf0589 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource People People An individual. Metadata for a person provides detailed biographical information to describe the life of a historical figure. Birth Date 1913-06-11 Birthplace Brooklyn, New York, USA Death Date 1970-10-03 Occupation Athletic Coach Source of File Attached “<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vince_Lombardi">Vince Lombardi.</a>” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 12 June 2024. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lombardi, Vincent Thomas (1913-1970) Subject The topic of the resource Sports, Basketball Sports, American Football Immigrants, Italian Description An account of the resource <div class="flex flex-col text-sm pb-25"> <div class="text-base my-auto mx-auto pb-10 [--thread-content-margin:--spacing(4)] @w-sm/main:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(6)] @w-lg/main:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(16)] px-(--thread-content-margin)"> <div class="[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @w-lg/main:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn"> <div class="flex max-w-full flex-col grow"> <div class="min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal [.text-message+&]:mt-1"> <div class="flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[1px]"> <div class="markdown prose dark:prose-invert w-full wrap-break-word light markdown-new-styling"> Vincent Thomas Lombardi (June 11, 1913 – September 3, 1970) was one of the most consequential figures in American sports history. Widely celebrated as the architect of the Green Bay Packers dynasty and memorialized through the NFL’s championship trophy, Lombardi was also a leader whose firm views on race, dignity, and professionalism were shaped long before his rise in the National Football League—in Englewood, New Jersey, where community life, personal relationships, and everyday business practices left a lasting imprint. <h3>Early life and education</h3> Born in Brooklyn to Italian immigrant parents, Lombardi was raised in a strict Catholic household that emphasized discipline, education, and hard work. He attended Fordham University, where he played on the famed “Seven Blocks of Granite” football line. Though not a star player, Lombardi absorbed lessons about preparation, teamwork, and accountability that would later define his coaching philosophy. <h3>Englewood and St. Cecilia: coaching, community, and character</h3> Lombardi arrived in Englewood in 1939 to teach and coach at St. Cecilia High School. Over the next several years, he transformed the program into a regional powerhouse, introducing advanced offensive concepts and demanding discipline and precision from his players. Contemporary coverage consistently highlighted both his tactical sophistication and his ability to motivate young athletes. But Lombardi’s Englewood years were about far more than football. He lived and worked in a city with a well-established Black community centered in the Fourth Ward, where Black churches, businesses, and families formed an essential part of Englewood’s civic life. This was not a segregated abstraction for Lombardi; it was a lived reality. <h3>Joe Echols and formative interracial friendships</h3> One of the most significant relationships of Lombardi’s early career was his friendship with Joe Echols, a gifted Black athlete and educator. Echols had been a standout multi-sport athlete at St. Cecilia in the early 1930s and later became a respected coach and athletic director at Norfolk State College. Lombardi and Echols forged a lasting friendship while living in Englewood, a bond that connected Lombardi directly to the experiences, ambitions, and frustrations of Black athletes navigating segregated and discriminatory systems. That friendship endured across decades and professional boundaries. It also provided Lombardi with firsthand insight into racial inequities at a time when many white coaches encountered them only indirectly—or chose not to see them at all. <h3>The Dean Street sporting goods store</h3> Lombardi’s views on race were reinforced not only through coaching and friendship, but through his family’s everyday business practices in Englewood. Members of the Lombardi family operated a sporting goods store on Dean Street, a commercial corridor near the Fourth Ward. At a time when informal discrimination was common even in northern towns, the Lombardi store did not discriminate against Black customers, serving athletes and families across racial lines. This mattered deeply. Long before Lombardi enforced integration in professional locker rooms and team travel, he had already learned—through family example—that equality was not a political slogan but a matter of basic fairness, professionalism, and decency. In Englewood, racial inclusion was something practiced daily, not debated abstractly. <h3>Carrying Englewood values into professional football</h3> When Lombardi became head coach and general manager of the Green Bay Packers in 1959, he carried these lessons with him. He made it clear that racism would not be tolerated within the organization. Lombardi demanded integrated housing, refused to patronize segregated businesses, threatened boycotts when Black players were denied service, and removed players who violated his standards—regardless of talent. His commitment extended beyond the Packers. As head coach and executive of Washington’s NFL team in the late 1960s, Lombardi again challenged entrenched racial practices. Significantly, he brought Joe Echols into the league as a scout, making him one of the few Black men in NFL scouting at the time—a decision rooted as much in trust and shared history as in professional respect. <h3>Death and legacy</h3> Lombardi died of cancer in 1970 at age 57, only months after taking the Washington position. The NFL soon named its championship trophy in his honor, cementing his public reputation as a winner. Yet his deeper legacy lies in the standards he enforced: discipline without cruelty, excellence without exclusion, and dignity without compromise. When Joe Echols died in 1977, his memorial service was held at St. Cecilia R.C. Church in Englewood—symbolically closing the circle of a relationship and a set of values forged decades earlier. Together, their intertwined stories reveal that Lombardi’s leadership on race was not an afterthought or a convenient myth, but the product of early experience in Englewood, shaped by community, friendship, and a family business that treated equality as ordinary and non-negotiable. “Lombardi New Saints Mentor.” The Record (Hackensack, NJ), September 1939. “St. Cecilia Varsity Eleven Pretty Well Set for Season.” The Record (Hackensack, NJ), September 1945. “New York Eleven to Tackle Saints.” The Record (Hackensack, NJ), October 1943. “Lombardi Directed Quints, Too.” The Record (Hackensack, NJ), May 1944. “Lombardi Directed Cage Winners, Too.” The Record (Hackensack, NJ), October 28, 1944. “Morehouse College Takes on Joe Echols as New Grid Coach.” California Eagle (Los Angeles, CA), April 27, 1950. “St. Cecilia High School Athletes Shine.” The Record (Hackensack, NJ), September 26, 1939. “Local Stars Excel at St. Cecilia.” The Record (Hackensack, NJ), December 12, 1939. “Joe Echols Joins Newark Eagles.” The Record (Hackensack, NJ), 1939. “Negro League Players Continue to Excel.” The Morning Call (Allentown, PA), May 4, 1967. “Morehouse Names Echols Football Coach.” California Eagle (Los Angeles, CA), April 27, 1950. Borzi, Pat. “A Touch of Lombardi in Norfolk State’s Past.” The New York Times, March 18, 2012. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> Christl, Cliff. “<a href="http://www.packers.com/news/the-1960s-packers-a-product-of-vince-lombardi-s-prejudice-free-culture.%20Accessed%2020%20June%202024">The 1960s Packers: A Product of Vince Lombardi’s Prejudice-Free Culture</a>.” The 1960s Packers: A Product of Vince Lombardi’s Prejudice-Free Culture, 4 Feb. 2021. <div>“<a href="http://www.nbcsports.com/nfl/profootballtalk/rumor-mill/news/vince-lombardi-accepted-gay-players-on-his-team">Vince Lombardi Accepted Gay Players on His Team</a>.” NBC Sports, 3 May 2013. <div class="resource-meta media-object-section"> <div class="description full">Partly written by OpenAI. (2026, February, 1). ChatGPT (GPT-5.2.) [Large Language Model] https://chat.openai.com/chat.</div> </div> </div> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived “<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vince_Lombardi">Vince Lombardi.</a>” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 12 June 2024. <div></div> Education Sports https://archive.englewoodmakeshistory.org/files/original/1a9d30d123679dd32e193cc1f439df2e.jpg 029f92fc7565eb85c9be80a0d8ae88f6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource People People An individual. Metadata for a person provides detailed biographical information to describe the life of a historical figure. Birth Date 1914-10-11 Birthplace Petersburg, Virginia, USA Death Date 1945-02-14? Occupation Educator Soldier Military Officer Source of File Attached "Englewood Hires Its First Negro Teacher, East Paterson Man." The Herald-News, July 3, 1940, p.11. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Norris, Hatcher Irwin (1914-1945?) Subject The topic of the resource Schools, Public Schools World War II Description An account of the resource Hatcher Irwin Norris was the first African American teacher hired in Englewood Schools. He taught industrial arts. He was recruited for World War II and served as a First Lieutenant, He was killed in action. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived "Englewood Hires Its First Negro Teacher, East Paterson Man." The Herald-News, July 3, 1940, p.11. "Lincoln School Exercises Set." The Record, June 14, 1946, p.4. Hatcher Irwin Norris in the U.S., World War II Draft Cards Young Men, 1940-1947 Hatcher I Norris in the U.S., Rosters of World War II Dead, 1939-1945 1lt Hatcher I Norris in the Global, Find a Grave® Index for Burials at Sea and other Select Burial Locations, 1300s-Current African American Education https://archive.englewoodmakeshistory.org/files/original/f9b5eab3efb9dd50e344a9d2757c8640.jpg 1d71e0bc866453f441ae18b6b37cb660 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource People People An individual. Metadata for a person provides detailed biographical information to describe the life of a historical figure. Occupation Athletic Coach Source of File Attached "Broncos WR Winfree is ready for the big stage." The Record, June 18, 2019, p. S7. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Winfree, Carl (?-?) Subject The topic of the resource Sports, American Football Description An account of the resource Carl Winfree is the father of American Football Player Juwann Winfree and co-founder of the Team Winfree Foundation. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived "Broncos WR Winfree is ready for the big stage." The Record, June 18, 2019, p. S7. Sports Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource People People An individual. Metadata for a person provides detailed biographical information to describe the life of a historical figure. Occupation Actress Model Source of File Attached IMDb. “<a href="http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0292631/">Sheila Frazier | Actress, Additional Crew.</a>” IMDb, IMDb.Com. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Frazier, Sheila Elaine (1948-?) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived “<a href="http://www.thehistorymakers.org/biography/sheila-frazier-41">Sheila Frazier’s Biography.</a>” The HistoryMakers. <div></div> “<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheila_Frazier">Sheila Frazier.</a>” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 30 May 2024. Description An account of the resource Shelia Elaine Frazier is an American actress, model, and producer. Her first film was Super Fly in 1972. She played Georgia, the girlfried of Youngblood Priest. She grew up in Manhattan until age ten. She moved to Englewood with her mother and attended Dwight Morrow High School. Frazier was married to Sam McKeith. She had a son, Derek McKeith. She married John Atchinson in 2008. Art https://archive.englewoodmakeshistory.org/files/original/7ba8772102fdf9e962cc7319da0fd94f.png f96c337244da15123bafc9bfbf37bf88 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource People People An individual. Metadata for a person provides detailed biographical information to describe the life of a historical figure. Birth Date 1931-05-06 Birthplace Westfield, Alabama, USA Death Date 2024-06-18 Occupation Athlete Source of File Attached “<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willie_Mays">Willie Mays</a>.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 24 June 2024. <div></div> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mays, Willie Howard Jr. (1931-2024) Description An account of the resource Willie Howard Mays Jr. was an American professional baseball player. He began in the Negro American League with the Black Barons. He began playing in the Major Baseball League with the Giants in 1950. He was extremely decorated and is regarded as one of the best baseball players. Willie Mays moved to Englewood in 1955. It was a short drive from his home in Englewood to the Polo Grounds in Harlem where he played for the New York Giants. He moved to San Francisco in 1957 when the Giants relocated. Mays married Marghuertite Wendell Chapman in 1956. He adopted a son, Micheal. He divorced Chapman in 1963. Mays married again in 1971 to Mae Louise Allen. He was the godfather of Barry Bonds, the son of Bobby Bonds. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Goldstein, Richard. "<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/18/sports/willie-mays-dead.html">Willie Mays, Baseball's Electrifying Player of Power and Grace, Is Dead at 93</a>." The New York Times, June 18, 2024. “<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willie_Mays">Willie Mays</a>.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 24 June 2024. Subject The topic of the resource Sports, Baseball Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Ludder, Rachelle Colman, David Sports https://archive.englewoodmakeshistory.org/files/original/eda0678f96897dae8d25afe296b094d1.jpg 832cfbd9833a73ce79fc6634e4b69cfc Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource People People An individual. Metadata for a person provides detailed biographical information to describe the life of a historical figure. Birth Date 1902 Birthplace Nyack, New York, USA Death Date 1952-01-05 Occupation Business Owner Source of File Attached "Smalbein, Owner of Bakery Is Dead In Englewood At 50." The Record, 7 Jan. 1952. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Smalbein, Paul W. (1902-1952) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived "Smalbein, Owner of Bakery Is Dead In Englewood At 50." The Record, 7 Jan. 1952. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Colman, David Ludder, Rachelle Subject The topic of the resource Businesses, Local Religion, Judaism Description An account of the resource Paul W. Smalbein was a business owner. He was the son of Gustave A. Smalbein. In 1928 he reestablished his family bakery and opened numerous stores in the nearby area. He married Lura Nell Beville. He had two children, Paul W. Smalbein Jr. and Mrs. Robert Frantz. Business https://archive.englewoodmakeshistory.org/files/original/fc7a648ea35c6a63fc8f71f81bed3af7.jpg 36fb7701d526666a26ad84c9cf7bd3b1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource People People An individual. Metadata for a person provides detailed biographical information to describe the life of a historical figure. Birth Date 1875? Birthplace Nyack, New York, USA Death Date 1946-11-16 Occupation Business Owner Source of File Attached "Smalbein, Baker; Service Tomorrow." The Record, 18 Nov. 1946. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Smalbein, Gustave A. (1875?-1946) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived "Smalbein, Baker; Service Tomorrow." The Record, 18 Nov. 1946. Description An account of the resource Gustave A. Smalbein was a local business owner. He founded Smalbein's Bakery Products in 1900 in Englewood. Smalbein's was one of the first, if not the first, Jewish bakeries in downtown Englewood. He retired in 1918 but helped his son Paul W. reestablish the Bakery in 1928. He was married to Emma. He had two children, Paul W. and Mrs. D. A. Parlo. Subject The topic of the resource Businesses, Local Religion, Judaism Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Colman, David Ludder, Rachelle Businesses https://archive.englewoodmakeshistory.org/files/original/0802b8fb6faf7fcd48918963c9e1b4eb.jpg 0825eb252f696b6de877588ff2a9d18e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource People People An individual. Metadata for a person provides detailed biographical information to describe the life of a historical figure. Birth Date 1888 Birthplace New York, New York, USA Death Date 1965-05-24 Occupation Politician Source of File Attached "Greenberg Urged to Run Again For Common Council." The Record, 19 July 1928, p. 6. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Greenberg, Charles H. (1888-1965) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived "Greenberg Urged to Run Again For Common Council." The Record, 19 July 1928, p. 6. "Charles Greenberg, Ex-Councilman." The Jersey Journal, 26 May 1965, p.19. "<a href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/75156034/charles-h-greenberg?_gl=1*1e2f4d1*_gcl_aw*R0NMLjE3MjQxOTIyNTMuQ2p3S0NBandfWkMyQmhBUUVpd0FYU2dDbHRwM2VkWWtzOEJMOWlTX0k2eVE4eWE3VXExVlplUzVkYXRUN2dMSkl0d21CalJ3bGVqOGVob0N0S0FRQXZEX0J3RQ..*_gcl_dc*R0NMLjE3MjQxOTIyNTMuQ2p3S0NBandfWkMyQmhBUUVpd0FYU2dDbHRwM2VkWWtzOEJMOWlTX0k2eVE4eWE3VXExVlplUzVkYXRUN2dMSkl0d21CalJ3bGVqOGVob0N0S0FRQXZEX0J3RQ..*_gcl_au*MTI5NjY1NDIyNS4xNzE4OTE1Nzcw*_ga*MTk2ODY2MDA3NS4xNzEwNzk0ODY1*_ga_4QT8FMEX30*ZmE3MjIwNGQtYzUxOC00MWZkLWEwY2ItMmI5N2ZkMDlmODkyLjU3LjEuMTcyNTYzODI1My4xMS4wLjA.*_ga_LMK6K2LSJH*ZmE3MjIwNGQtYzUxOC00MWZkLWEwY2ItMmI5N2ZkMDlmODkyLjU3LjEuMTcyNTYzODI1My4wLjAuMA..">Charles H Greenberg</a>." Find A Grave. Subject The topic of the resource Politics, Englewood Englewood New Jersey, Fourth Ward Description An account of the resource Charles H. Greenberg was a politician. He lived in Englewood for fifty-five years. He was elected to the Englewood Council for the fourth ward. He was the first councilman to be elected for three terms. He served from 1920 to 1929. He also was appointed chief custodian of the voting machine department of the Bergen County Board of Elections. He married Caroline Abrams. He had two children, Slyvia and Harold. Politics https://archive.englewoodmakeshistory.org/files/original/0e86b1d9298d6f36a5684baba7b3cc28.jpg e5a35da75e22a29c4003fa9e1f03cf70 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource People People An individual. Metadata for a person provides detailed biographical information to describe the life of a historical figure. Birth Date 1867-06-14 Birthplace Newark, New Jersey, USA Death Date 1939-11-08 Occupation Physician Activist, Public Health Professor Psychologist Anthropologist Source of File Attached “<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livingston_Farrand">Livingston Farrand</a>.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 12 Mar. 2024. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Farrand, Livingston (1867-1939) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived "Farrand, Cornell Emeritus, Is Dead." The Record, 9, Nov. 1939, p. 2. <div>"Funeral Services Saturday For Livingston Farrand, 4th President of Cornell." The Ithaca Journal, 9 Nov. 1939, p.1. </div> "$98,000 Budget Goal of Chest in Englewood." The Record, 18 Nov. 1938, p.1. “<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livingston_Farrand">Livingston Farrand</a>.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 12 Mar. 2024. <div></div> Subject The topic of the resource Universities Activism, Public Health Public Health Medical Services Description An account of the resource Livingston Farrand was a physician, anthropologist, psychologist, and public health activist. He graduated from Princeton in 1888. He earned a M.D. from the Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1891. He also attended Cambridge and Berlin University. In 1905 he became the secretary of the National Association for the Study and Prevention of Tuberculosis. He taught as an adjunct psychology professor at Columbia and eventually a full anthropology professor until 1914. He then went on to become the president of the University of Colorado until 1919. He was the director of the International Health Board in France during World War I and became the chairman of the American Red Cross committee. After the war Farrand became the president of Cornell University, expanding relations with China and the Soviet Union. He retired in 1937. He was a member of numerous organizations including the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Psychological Association, and the American Anthropological Association. He lived in Englewood for a short time. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Colman, David Ludder, Rachelle Education Health Social Welfare