2 10 25 https://archive.englewoodmakeshistory.org/files/original/b3338198ef0b288fcc1fae0474113091.jpg 9a82e3cb12eda717a51d09acd68ebb9a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Events Event A non-persistent, time-based occurrence. Metadata for an event provides descriptive information that is the basis for discovery of the purpose, location, duration, and responsible agents associated with an event. Examples include an exhibition, webcast, conference, workshop, open day, performance, battle, trial, wedding, tea party, conflagration. Date Started 1912-04-15 Source of File Attached "Englewood Paid Fire Department Reviews 24 Years of Achievement." The Record, 15 Apr. 1936. Type of Event Founding of an Organization Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Creation of a Paid Englewood Fire Department (1912) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived "Englewood Paid Fire Department Reviews 24 Years of Achievement." The Record, 15 Apr. 1936. Description An account of the resource The Englewood paid fire department was created in 1912 under the administration of Mayor Vernon Munroe. Firefighters https://archive.englewoodmakeshistory.org/files/original/01599c48bfdabae02d19340e70f4e0b2.jpg 3646787f485ca40b3ce7430e05fda751 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Events Event A non-persistent, time-based occurrence. Metadata for an event provides descriptive information that is the basis for discovery of the purpose, location, duration, and responsible agents associated with an event. Examples include an exhibition, webcast, conference, workshop, open day, performance, battle, trial, wedding, tea party, conflagration. Date Started 1900-04-02 Source of File Attached "Our Labor Troubles." The Paterson Evening News, 3 Apr. 1900, p.1. Type of Event Protest Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Building Trades Strike (1900) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived "Our Labor Troubles." The Paterson Evening News, 3 Apr. 1900, p.1. Subject The topic of the resource Labor Strikes Labor Conditions Description An account of the resource The Building Trades Strike in 1900 was a strike in New Jersey in which thousands of carpenters, painters, and decorators protested low compensation. In Englewood masons and laborers demanded an increase of twenty-five cents a day and shorter hours on Saturdays. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Colman, David Ludder, Rachelle Labor Labor Movement Protests https://archive.englewoodmakeshistory.org/files/original/6c0597ff83104b664778b717930d53ad.jpg fbcac3ece9c5bdeb373442b8f22960c8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Events Event A non-persistent, time-based occurrence. Metadata for an event provides descriptive information that is the basis for discovery of the purpose, location, duration, and responsible agents associated with an event. Examples include an exhibition, webcast, conference, workshop, open day, performance, battle, trial, wedding, tea party, conflagration. Date Started 1981-08-05 Source of File Attached Sasson, Victor E. "Jailed Iranians resume fast after deal falls apart." The Record, 16 Aug. 1981. Type of Event Crime Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 59 Iranians Arrested in Englewood (1981) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Sasson, Victor E. "Jailed Iranians resume fast after deal falls apart." The Record, 16 Aug. 1981. Subject The topic of the resource Prison Political Violence Politics, Global Refugees Description An account of the resource <div class="x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a"> <div>In August 1981, an international political crisis briefly unfolded on an ordinary stretch of Grand Avenue in Englewood, New Jersey.</div> </div> <div class="x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a"> <div> Englewood Police responded to complaints about several men sleeping in a van with Texas license plates. When officers approached and asked for identification, the men reportedly said their papers were in an apartment upstairs. Police followed them to a small two-bedroom apartment above a gift shop. Inside, they discovered roughly sixty Iranian men crowded into the space—many sleeping wherever they could find room.</div> </div> <div class="x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a"> <div>The men identified themselves as Iranian students and political activists. They were supporters of Abolhassan Bani-Sadr, the former president of Iran who had been removed from office earlier that year after a power struggle with Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. Following Bani-Sadr’s ouster, many of his supporters fled Iran or organized opposition efforts abroad. These students had been participating in demonstrations and a hunger strike in New York, protesting the Khomeini regime and expressing solidarity with Bani-Sadr and other opposition figures.</div> </div> <div class="x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a"> <div> When questioned by authorities, most of the men refused to identify themselves or provide documentation until they could speak with a lawyer. Because of that refusal, federal immigration officials took them into custody and transported them to Newark for processing. Officials initially indicated that many appeared to be in the country legally, but their unwillingness to provide identification led to arrests on immigration charges.</div> </div> <div class="x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a"> <div> The group continued their hunger strike while in custody. Negotiations between their attorneys and immigration authorities followed, centering on bond amounts and the status of one man who faced an outstanding deportation order. When those negotiations collapsed, the students resumed fasting in anticipation of deportation hearings.</div> </div> <div class="x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a"> <div>Englewood officials later stated that the men had not broken any laws simply by staying in the apartment. The situation escalated primarily because they would not identify themselves. What began as a neighborhood complaint about men sleeping in a vehicle had quickly turned into a federal immigration matter, drawing attention to Englewood during a moment of heightened tension between the United States and post-revolutionary Iran.</div> </div> <div class="x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a"> <div> The episode remains a striking example of how global political upheaval—in this case the aftermath of the Iranian Revolution and the fall of Bani-Sadr—could surface in unexpected places, even in a small Bergen County city far from Tehran or Washington.</div> </div> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Colman, David Ludder, Rachelle Crime Immigration Police Politics Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Events Event A non-persistent, time-based occurrence. Metadata for an event provides descriptive information that is the basis for discovery of the purpose, location, duration, and responsible agents associated with an event. Examples include an exhibition, webcast, conference, workshop, open day, performance, battle, trial, wedding, tea party, conflagration. Date Started 1978 Source of File Attached "The Record," September 15, 1978. Type of Event Protest Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dwight Morrow's "The Oracle" Strike (1978) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived "The Record," September 15, 1978. Subject The topic of the resource Civil Rights Public Schools Newspapers Labor Strikes Description An account of the resource "The Oracle" Strike was a protest by the staff of the newspaper "The Oracle" over a freedom of the press argument with the principal of Dwight Morrow High School. Children Journalism Protests Rights https://archive.englewoodmakeshistory.org/files/original/02589eef24e0ad3d09bb1a5d73966ff3.jpg 9a98794623b417c807ce56701469f830 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Events Event A non-persistent, time-based occurrence. Metadata for an event provides descriptive information that is the basis for discovery of the purpose, location, duration, and responsible agents associated with an event. Examples include an exhibition, webcast, conference, workshop, open day, performance, battle, trial, wedding, tea party, conflagration. Date Started 1975 Source of File Attached "Teachers strike in New Jersey districts." 8 Sep. 1975, p.3. Type of Event Protest Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Englewood Teachers Strike (1975) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived "Teachers strike in New Jersey districts." 8 Sep. 1975, p.3. "Striking, rioting now popular activities." The Reporter-Times, 8 Sep. 1975, p.1 Subject The topic of the resource Labor Strikes Schools Labor Conditions Description An account of the resource Englewood teachers protested because the Board of Education was slow in negotiating new contracts for employees. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Colman, David Ludder, Rachelle Education Protests https://archive.englewoodmakeshistory.org/files/original/3c4e8c10aca2135caee19d2d5d2da447.png 6265b7cc094ccf0151b7cb693bd7f268 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Events Event A non-persistent, time-based occurrence. Metadata for an event provides descriptive information that is the basis for discovery of the purpose, location, duration, and responsible agents associated with an event. Examples include an exhibition, webcast, conference, workshop, open day, performance, battle, trial, wedding, tea party, conflagration. Date Started 1952-04 Source of File Attached "National Group Urges Denning Make Apology." The Record May 1, 1952, p.3. Type of Event Controversy Date Ended 1952-06 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mary McCleod Bethune Controversy (1952) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Library of Congress Subject The topic of the resource Activism, Women’s Rights Activism, Civil Rights Public Schools Schools Lectures Racial Discrimination Civil Rights Movement Description An account of the resource In the spring of 1952, Mary McLeod Bethune, one of the most respected educators and public servants in the United States, became the center of a national civil-liberties controversy in Englewood, New Jersey. The episode unfolded at the height of Cold War anti-communist anxiety and revealed how easily fear, ideology, and race could converge to restrict public speech—even in Northern communities that prided themselves on democratic values. Bethune had been invited to speak in Englewood under the sponsorship of a local American Legion auxiliary, with plans to use the auditorium of Engle Street Junior High School. Shortly before the scheduled appearance in April 1952, the Englewood Board of Education withdrew permission for the school facility. The action followed protests from the Englewood Anti-Communist League, which claimed that Bethune’s name had appeared in connection with organizations later described as “subversive.” No evidence was produced that she had knowingly joined or supported Communist causes. The decision immediately sparked outrage. Newspapers across the country framed the denial as a case of guilt by association applied to a woman whose public career included federal service, international diplomacy, and decades of educational leadership. Clergy, educators, civil-rights organizations, women’s groups, and veterans publicly challenged Englewood’s action, arguing that anti-communism was being used as a smoke screen to suppress lawful speech and intimidate dissenting voices. Although barred from the school auditorium, Bethune still spoke in Englewood—this time at a church—before a packed and supportive audience. She refused to center the moment on personal grievance. Instead, she cautioned against allowing fear to replace fairness and warned that democracy itself was weakened when communities surrendered judgment to rumor and pressure. Her appearance transformed the incident from a local administrative decision into a national debate over free speech and civil courage. As criticism intensified, organizations from across the country formally demanded that Englewood issue a public apology. Bethune submitted a signed statement emphatically denying that she had ever knowingly affiliated with the Communist Party or participated in any organization seeking to undermine the U.S. government. Letters flooded Englewood officials from prominent citizens and institutions attesting to her integrity, patriotism, religious commitment, and humanitarian record. Under mounting scrutiny, the Englewood Board of Education reconsidered. After reviewing Bethune’s written denial and the extensive documentation of support, the board reversed its decision. In late May 1952, Bethune returned to Englewood and spoke in the very school building from which she had earlier been excluded. Press coverage emphasized that she framed the event not as a vindication of herself, but as an affirmation of democratic principles—due process, restraint, and the courage to resist public hysteria. The Englewood controversy quickly became emblematic of the excesses of McCarthy-era politics. It demonstrated how even a figure of Bethune’s stature could be publicly questioned and silenced, and how local institutions could become instruments of national fear. At the same time, the episode highlighted the power of organized protest and moral authority to force a reversal. Today, the 1952 Englewood episode stands as a revealing chapter in both Bethune’s life and the city’s history: a moment when Cold War anxieties tested the boundaries of free speech, and when a community was compelled—after national attention and public pressure—to confront the gap between democratic ideals and democratic practice. “Dr. Bethune Gets Warm Welcome in Her Second Appearance Here.” The Record (Hackensack, NJ), June 17, 1952, p. 11. “Negro Educator Speaks Monday: Dr. Mary McLeod Bethune to Address Henry Douglas Auxiliary.” The Record (Hackensack, NJ), June 13, 1952, p. 4. “Board’s Banning of Mrs. Bethune Draws Protest.” The Record (Hackensack, NJ), May 22, 1952, p. 13. “Board to Permit Bethune Talks on Basis of Denial of Red Ties.” The Record (Hackensack, NJ), May 22, 1952, p. 12. “Mayor Applauds Board’s Action in Handling Speech Controversy.” The Record (Hackensack, NJ), May 22, 1952, p. 13. Stanley, Frank L. “Now Mrs. Bethune.” The Louisville Defender, May 7, 1952, p. 16. “Mrs. Bethune and the Red Leadership.” The Chicago Defender, May 10, 1952, p. 10. “Women the Country Over Are Incensed!” The Jackson Advocate (Jackson, MS), May 10, 1952, p. 4. “Bethune Controversy Stirs Englewood.” Tampa Bay Times, May 27, 1952, p. 27. “Three Selected: Englewood World Federalists Choose Delegates for Assembly.” The Record (Hackensack, NJ), June 17, 1952, p. 11. “School Integration Still Posing Knotty Problem for Englewood.” The Record (Hackensack, NJ), February 1, 1963, p. 5. Rowan, Meyer. “Englewood Apology Due Mrs. Bethune.” The Call (Kansas City, MO), May 9, 1952, p. 1. “‘I’m Not a Red,’ Says Mrs. Bethune.” The Afro-American (Baltimore, MD), May 3, 1952, p. 2. “Barred as Legion Speaker, Mrs. Bethune Insists ‘I’m Not a Red.’” The Afro-American (Baltimore, MD), May 10, 1952, p. 18. “Friends Rally to Her Side.” The Afro-American (Baltimore, MD), May 10, 1952, p. 18. “Dr. Ferebee Protests Action in Englewood.” The Afro-American (Baltimore, MD), May 10, 1952, p. 18. “Aid Mrs. Bethune.” The Afro-American (Baltimore, MD), May 10, 1952, p. 18. “Mrs. Bethune at Last to Speak at Englewood.” The Call (Kansas City, MO), May 9, 1952, p. 4. “Board to Permit Bethune Talks on Basis of Denial of Red Ties.” The Record (Hackensack, NJ), May 22, 1952, p. 12. “Dr. Bethune Gets Warm Welcome in Her Second Appearance Here.” The Record (Hackensack, NJ), June 17, 1952, p. 11. “Mrs. Bethune Speaks After Being Barred.” Daytona Beach Morning Journal, June 16, 1952, p. 1. “Englewood Incident Draws National Protest.” The Record (Hackensack, NJ), April 30, 1952, p. 56. <div class="resource-meta media-object-section"></div> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Ludder, Rachelle Colman, David Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Carl Van Vechten Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available wikipedia Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1949 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Domain African American Civil Rights Communism Controversy Education Patriotism Politics Protests Race https://archive.englewoodmakeshistory.org/files/original/1f0f9855fa7f1c5f97e2e707c6148e17.jpg becdee609af1f348639ce006ae8ac756 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Events Event A non-persistent, time-based occurrence. Metadata for an event provides descriptive information that is the basis for discovery of the purpose, location, duration, and responsible agents associated with an event. Examples include an exhibition, webcast, conference, workshop, open day, performance, battle, trial, wedding, tea party, conflagration. Date Started 1970-06-02 Date Ended 1970-06-02 Source of File Attached Schlieben, Dan. "Fire Ruins Studio In Englewood." The Record, 2 June 1970, p. 1. Type of Event Fires Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Town Sound Studio Fire (1970) Subject The topic of the resource Fires Music, Production Description An account of the resource On June 2, 1970, at 1 A.M. a fire started at the Town Sound Studio. It was located in the century-old Schneider Building and $500,000 in equipment was destroyed. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Schlieben, Dan. "Fire Ruins Studio In Englewood." The Record, 2 June 1970, p. 1. "Burned Schneider Building In Englewood May Be Razed." The Record, 3 June 1970, p.C-3. Disasters Music https://archive.englewoodmakeshistory.org/files/original/35d5533e096e4480c421d41ef92f876b.jpg bc57eb891f2943fff0ef581030be6a05 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Events Event A non-persistent, time-based occurrence. Metadata for an event provides descriptive information that is the basis for discovery of the purpose, location, duration, and responsible agents associated with an event. Examples include an exhibition, webcast, conference, workshop, open day, performance, battle, trial, wedding, tea party, conflagration. Date Started 1960-04-08 Date Ended 1960-04-08 Source of File Attached Ryan, John. "Chamberlain Stars In Englewood Tilt." The Record, 9 Apr. 1960, p. 11. Type of Event Sports Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sherman White's Jersey Titans v. Wilt Chamberlain's All-Stars at Dwight Morrow High School (1960) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Ryan, John. "Chamberlain Stars In Englewood Tilt." The Record, 9 Apr. 1960, p. 11. "Chamberlain Expected To Play Full Contest." The Record, 8 Apr. 1960, p.55. Description An account of the resource Wilt Chamberlain was already a national basketball phenomenon by the spring of 1960. After rising to prominence at Overbrook High School, starring at the University of Kansas, spending a season with the Harlem Globetrotters, and entering the NBA with the Philadelphia Warriors in 1959, Chamberlain stunned the sports world by announcing a brief retirement, citing both financial concerns and the physical punishment he endured from opposing players. He soon returned to the game by organizing a traveling All-Star team and launching a barnstorming tour that brought him to Englewood on April 18, 1960. More than 1,000 fans filled the auditorium at Dwight Morrow High School to see Chamberlain score 36 points as his All-Stars defeated the Jersey Titans, 119–101. The matchup carried special significance: Chamberlain finally had the chance to play against his high-school idol, Sherman White, who returned to the court where he had first made his name in the late 1940s and scored 17 points for the Titans. White’s team was coached by Tom Morgan, the longtime Dwight Morrow coach who had guided White during his record-setting school years, further anchoring the exhibition in Englewood’s basketball history. Later that summer, Chamberlain returned to the NBA, signing a three-year, $375,000 contract with the Warriors that made him the highest-paid athlete in American history at the time. Subject The topic of the resource Sports, Basketball Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Colman, David Ludder, Rachelle Sports https://archive.englewoodmakeshistory.org/files/original/ff690e646336a9c2ed7493727a60f0dd.jpg 6bd75a8bb9a596624175880fe7d3843e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Events Event A non-persistent, time-based occurrence. Metadata for an event provides descriptive information that is the basis for discovery of the purpose, location, duration, and responsible agents associated with an event. Examples include an exhibition, webcast, conference, workshop, open day, performance, battle, trial, wedding, tea party, conflagration. Date Started 1887-02-22 Date Ended 1887-02-22 Source of File Attached "In A Moment of Insanity." The New York Times, 23 Feb. 1887, p.1. Type of Event Crime Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Reverand Charles C. Ward Attempted Murders (1887) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived "In A Moment of Insanity." The New York Times, 23 Feb. 1887, p.1. Description An account of the resource On February 22nd, 1887, Reverand Charles W. Ward tried to kill his wife, child, and himself. Ward shot his wife, Orpah Van Schaick, in the Jaw before turning and shooting at his child, Bessie. His wife and daughter fled and he shot himself in the head. None of the wounds were fatal. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Colman, David Ludder, Rachelle Crime https://archive.englewoodmakeshistory.org/files/original/b531bee08a155cdbd54cf4aff1a6c9a5.jpg 653a7649c1690824b0f0c64bce24d060 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Events Event A non-persistent, time-based occurrence. Metadata for an event provides descriptive information that is the basis for discovery of the purpose, location, duration, and responsible agents associated with an event. Examples include an exhibition, webcast, conference, workshop, open day, performance, battle, trial, wedding, tea party, conflagration. Date Started 1909-11-05 Date Ended 1909-11-05 Source of File Attached "Club House Burned." The Record, 6 Nov. 1909, p.1. Type of Event Fires Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Englewood Field Club Fire (1909) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived "Club House Burned." The Record, 6 Nov. 1909, p.1. Subject The topic of the resource Fires Description An account of the resource The Englewood Field Clubhouse burned down on November 5th, 1909. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Colman, David Ludder, Rachelle Disasters