<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<itemContainer xmlns="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5 http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5/omeka-xml-5-0.xsd" uri="https://archive.englewoodmakeshistory.org/items/browse?collection=68&amp;output=omeka-xml&amp;sort_field=Dublin+Core%2CTitle" accessDate="2026-10-02T01:20:51+00:00">
  <miscellaneousContainer>
    <pagination>
      <pageNumber>1</pageNumber>
      <perPage>10</perPage>
      <totalResults>105</totalResults>
    </pagination>
  </miscellaneousContainer>
  <item itemId="391" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="441">
        <src>https://archive.englewoodmakeshistory.org/files/original/d44bd5e8bd38da61ce179eda4bbd9a06.jpg</src>
        <authentication>cbb1ccd24c13cd9da118a7334f8570c6</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="68">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="373">
                  <text>Organizations and Institutions</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="18">
      <name>Places</name>
      <description>A fixed location. Metadata for a place provides descriptive information that is the basis of discovery of the creation, purpose, and agents associated with a place.  </description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="60">
          <name>Date Started</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="1680">
              <text>2002</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="54">
          <name>Type of Institution</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="1681">
              <text>Educational</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="59">
          <name>Source of File Attached</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="1682">
              <text>&lt;p&gt;“&lt;a href="en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academies_at_Englewood"&gt;Academies at Englewood&lt;/a&gt;.” &lt;i&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/i&gt;, Wikimedia Foundation, 18 June 2024.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1674">
                <text>Academies at Englewood</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1675">
                <text>Schools</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1676">
                <text>Schools, Public</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1677">
                <text>Academies at Englewood was founded in 2002 after fifteen-plus-years of arguments between the Board of Education of Englewood and the Board of Education of Tenafly and the Board of Education of Englewood Cliffs. Dr. John Grieco created the new academies at Englewood to improve city classrooms and attract white students.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The academies are Finance and Business, Information Systems, Law and Public Safety, and Pre-Engineering. The last, BioMedicine was added in 2004. It shares a campus with Dwight Morrow High School.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1678">
                <text>"Grieco's Challenge - Can magnet schools flourish in Englewood?" &lt;em&gt;The Record,&lt;/em&gt; February 3, 2002, p. 88.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1679">
                <text>&lt;p&gt;“&lt;a href="en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academies_at_Englewood"&gt;Academies at Englewood&lt;/a&gt;.” &lt;i&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/i&gt;, Wikimedia Foundation, 18 June 2024.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="30">
        <name>Education</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="373" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="420">
        <src>https://archive.englewoodmakeshistory.org/files/original/1599c496303ac691c02b168146d1e224.jpg</src>
        <authentication>264c5d10facdc65c1a4957471d2a9bec</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="68">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="373">
                  <text>Organizations and Institutions</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="19">
      <name>Organizations and Institutions</name>
      <description>A group of individuals cooperating under similar beliefs to reach an agreed-upon goal. Metadata for organizations and institutions provides information for the basis of an investigation into the creation, purpose, beliefs, and actors involved in an organization and institution.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="60">
          <name>Date Started</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="1499">
              <text>1919</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="54">
          <name>Type of Institution</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="1500">
              <text>Government</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="59">
          <name>Source of File Attached</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="1501">
              <text>&lt;p&gt;"&lt;a href="http://www.legion-aux.org/about/the-american-legion"&gt;American Legion.&lt;/a&gt;" &lt;i&gt;The American Legion.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1491">
                <text>American Legion Auxiliary</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1492">
                <text>Government Agencies</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1493">
                <text>World War I</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1494">
                <text>Veterans</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1495">
                <text>The American Legion was chartered by Congress in 1919 in the aftermath of World War I. The organization's purpose is to support servicemembers and veterans.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The organization advocates on behalf of those in military service, provides locations to gather, and provides programs to help Veterans receive benefits, education, health care, financial support, and careers.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1496">
                <text>&lt;a href="http://www.legion.org/history"&gt;“History.”&lt;/a&gt; &lt;i&gt;The American Legion&lt;/i&gt;.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1497">
                <text>&lt;p&gt;"&lt;a href="http://www.legion-aux.org/about/the-american-legion"&gt;American Legion.&lt;/a&gt;" &lt;i&gt;The American Legion.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1498">
                <text>Ludder, Rachelle</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="51">
        <name>Military</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="86" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="80">
        <src>https://archive.englewoodmakeshistory.org/files/original/62bf3299d657884184970d704e6a4674.jpeg</src>
        <authentication>a927178a7a4da7a3ca87349cb64efd59</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="1714">
        <src>https://archive.englewoodmakeshistory.org/files/original/7c8997c1d9d81f1b6ee2b3ebd63464b7.jpg</src>
        <authentication>6a9ce1b9ea0b324ba183bbed356ae575</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="68">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="373">
                  <text>Organizations and Institutions</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="18">
      <name>Places</name>
      <description>A fixed location. Metadata for a place provides descriptive information that is the basis of discovery of the creation, purpose, and agents associated with a place.  </description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="54">
          <name>Type of Institution</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="939">
              <text>Government</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="6533">
              <text>Community</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="59">
          <name>Source of File Attached</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="1353">
              <text>Kim, Linsey. "American Legion Henry Douglas Post 58."</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="170">
                <text>American Legion Henry Douglass Post 58</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="235">
                <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.legion.org/history"&gt;“History.”&lt;/a&gt; &lt;i&gt;The American Legion&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="934">
                <text>Government Agencies</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="935">
                <text>World War I</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1502">
                <text>Veterans</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="936">
                <text>American Legion Henry Douglas Post 58 is the American Legion post located in Englewood, New Jersey.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="937">
                <text>Colman, David</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="938">
                <text>Ludder, Rachelle</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="51">
        <name>Military</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="472" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="598">
        <src>https://archive.englewoodmakeshistory.org/files/original/7210218553c82cf67dddc30365ffc1d8.jpg</src>
        <authentication>b812b96457b40e7388cf570dfcca40f7</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="68">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="373">
                  <text>Organizations and Institutions</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="19">
      <name>Organizations and Institutions</name>
      <description>A group of individuals cooperating under similar beliefs to reach an agreed-upon goal. Metadata for organizations and institutions provides information for the basis of an investigation into the creation, purpose, beliefs, and actors involved in an organization and institution.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="60">
          <name>Date Started</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2946">
              <text>1909</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="54">
          <name>Type of Institution</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2947">
              <text>Community</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="4698">
              <text>Social Welfare</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="59">
          <name>Source of File Attached</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2948">
              <text>"&lt;span&gt;BPOE Elks Lodge #1157 17 Bennett Rd. Englewood NJ Bergen Co Matchbook." &lt;em&gt;ebay. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2575">
                <text>B.P.O.E. Englewood Elks #1157</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2576">
                <text>"Third Anniversary of Englewood Elks." &lt;em&gt;The Record&lt;/em&gt;, 10 May 1912, p.4.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="2943">
                <text>"Englewood Elks' Lodge." &lt;em&gt;Passaic Daily News, &lt;/em&gt;20 Apr. 1909, p. 10</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="2944">
                <text>"New Lodge of Elks Started." &lt;em&gt;The Morning Call&lt;/em&gt;, 2 June 1909, p.2.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="2945">
                <text>&lt;span&gt;"Englewood Elks to Dedicate a New Home." &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;The Record&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt;, 29 Nov. 1912, p.1.&lt;/span&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2942">
                <text>The B.P.O.E. Englewood Elks Lodge #1157 was founded in 1909. Englewood residents who were members of the Hackensack Lodge organized another chapter for Englewood. The Hackensack Lodge helped organize the new Lodge for Englewood. The organization finished construction on its clubhouse in 1912.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="7082">
                <text>Social Clubs</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="119">
        <name>Charity</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="44">
        <name>Community Centers</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="60">
        <name>Men</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="232" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="271">
        <src>https://archive.englewoodmakeshistory.org/files/original/0178d7d63b6a372fee6030b771f7420f.png</src>
        <authentication>501c2639d47855830cb58c41efddde2a</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="1101">
        <src>https://archive.englewoodmakeshistory.org/files/original/672add7f8f19287182f29cd0a85f7327.jpg</src>
        <authentication>895776baafded6385cffe07cb253cb00</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="68">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="373">
                  <text>Organizations and Institutions</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="19">
      <name>Organizations and Institutions</name>
      <description>A group of individuals cooperating under similar beliefs to reach an agreed-upon goal. Metadata for organizations and institutions provides information for the basis of an investigation into the creation, purpose, beliefs, and actors involved in an organization and institution.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="54">
          <name>Type of Institution</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="509">
              <text>Publishing</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="7090">
              <text>Economic</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="59">
          <name>Source of File Attached</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="510">
              <text>"Englewood's Daily Newspaper." &lt;em&gt;The Record&lt;/em&gt;, September 23, 1921, p.5.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="60">
          <name>Date Started</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="929">
              <text>1898</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="502">
                <text>The Evening Record</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="922">
                <text>Bergen Evening Record</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="923">
                <text>The Evening Record, and Bergen</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="924">
                <text>County Herald</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="925">
                <text>The News-Record</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="503">
                <text>"Englewood's Daily Newspaper." &lt;em&gt;The Record, &lt;/em&gt;September 23, 1921, p.5.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1526">
                <text>&lt;p&gt;“&lt;a href="https://www.loc.gov/item/sn85035985/"&gt;The Evening Record, and Bergen County Herald (Hackensack, N.J.) 1902-1913&lt;/a&gt;.” &lt;i&gt;The Library of Congress.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="508">
                <text>Newspapers</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="926">
                <text>The newspaper The Evening Record began using the name in the late 1890s. Located in Hackensack, Bergen County, the newspaper published daily for Englewood, New Jersey. It has gone through a number of name variations.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="927">
                <text>Colman, David</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="928">
                <text>Ludder, Rachelle</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="19">
        <name>Journalism</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="152" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="798">
        <src>https://archive.englewoodmakeshistory.org/files/original/d0c3a151963aab6460a2acaee9055e33.jpg</src>
        <authentication>e76c31edf51afe3c245e417a8306b696</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="68">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="373">
                  <text>Organizations and Institutions</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="18">
      <name>Places</name>
      <description>A fixed location. Metadata for a place provides descriptive information that is the basis of discovery of the creation, purpose, and agents associated with a place.  </description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="60">
          <name>Date Started</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="4299">
              <text>1926-11-22</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="4300">
              <text>1976-10-10</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="4301">
              <text>2003-04-30</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="58">
          <name>Date Ended</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="4302">
              <text>1973</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="4303">
              <text>2003-04-14</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="54">
          <name>Type of Institution</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="4304">
              <text>Educational</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="4694">
              <text>Economic</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="59">
          <name>Source of File Attached</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="4306">
              <text>&lt;p&gt;“&lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergen_Performing_Arts_Center"&gt;Bergen Performing Arts Center.&lt;/a&gt;” &lt;i&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/i&gt;, Wikimedia Foundation, 23 June 2024.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="334">
                <text>Bergen Performing Arts Center</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="4292">
                <text>John Harms Center</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="4293">
                <text>Plaza Theater</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="4294">
                <text>Schools</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="5502">
                <text>Theater</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="4295">
                <text>BergenPac is a performing arts center and school. The original theater was a movie theater that opened in 1926. That theater closed in 1973 but was reopened through the efforts of John Harms. The John Harms Center opened on October 10, 1976. The center closed on April 14, 2003. The Bergen Performing Arts Center took its place when the organization &lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;bought the theater in September with the aid of the Bergen County Improvement Authority. &lt;/span&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="4296">
                <text>“&lt;a href="http://www.bergenpac.org/about-bergenpac/mission-history"&gt;Mission &amp;amp; History&lt;/a&gt;.” &lt;i&gt;bergenPAC.&lt;/i&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="7033">
                <text>Beckerman, Jim. "Marquee names for new-name theater." &lt;em&gt;The Record&lt;/em&gt;, 11 Aug. 2004, L-1, L-4.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="4297">
                <text>Colman, David</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="4298">
                <text>Ludder, Rachelle</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="44">
        <name>Community Centers</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="30">
        <name>Education</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="91">
        <name>Entertainment</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="740" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="1093">
        <src>https://archive.englewoodmakeshistory.org/files/original/494e437d703d6675128dc7d5d64a14cb.jpg</src>
        <authentication>0608b53bd30d188d9720f51e20350625</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="68">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="373">
                  <text>Organizations and Institutions</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="19">
      <name>Organizations and Institutions</name>
      <description>A group of individuals cooperating under similar beliefs to reach an agreed-upon goal. Metadata for organizations and institutions provides information for the basis of an investigation into the creation, purpose, beliefs, and actors involved in an organization and institution.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="54">
          <name>Type of Institution</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="7051">
              <text>Educational</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="59">
          <name>Source of File Attached</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="7052">
              <text>"Bergenpac's Performing Arts School." &lt;em&gt;Facebook.&lt;/em&gt;</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="7044">
                <text>BergenPAC Performing Arts School</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="7045">
                <text>Theater</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="7046">
                <text>Music, Production</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="7047">
                <text>The BergenPAC Performing Arts School is a dance, acting, visual arts, and music school run by the Bergen Performing Arts Center. Programs serve students from the age of three months to adults. The school is located down the street from the theater at 1 Depot Square where Bennett Studios used to be located.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="7048">
                <text>McGrath, Matthew. "BergenPAC Pupil earn college credit." &lt;em&gt;The Record&lt;/em&gt;, 30 Aug. 2016, p. L-1, L-6.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="7049">
                <text>"&lt;a href="https://www.bergenpac.org/education/performing-arts-school"&gt;Performing Arts School.&lt;/a&gt;" &lt;em&gt;BergenPAC.&lt;/em&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="7050">
                <text>Ludder, Rachelle</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="30">
        <name>Education</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="91">
        <name>Entertainment</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="61">
        <name>Music</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="130" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="167">
        <src>https://archive.englewoodmakeshistory.org/files/original/30b353a2f43f046d8559a12b9f2feba6.jpg</src>
        <authentication>4b86ebaab407ec435f668fb2ef003e37</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="1715">
        <src>https://archive.englewoodmakeshistory.org/files/original/e304c1260a4659d49fb202d5ee43c67e.jpg</src>
        <authentication>6a9ce1b9ea0b324ba183bbed356ae575</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="1716">
        <src>https://archive.englewoodmakeshistory.org/files/original/2ec155aed7b99e8c6de1374b64c872e6.jpg</src>
        <authentication>aa3ee5347287843f75a4b3ac465fc631</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="1718">
        <src>https://archive.englewoodmakeshistory.org/files/original/42d3fbeb3de7c68dfb035ffb50bf07bd.jpg</src>
        <authentication>63e95e20ffc2c245d350cefaf18f27d0</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="68">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="373">
                  <text>Organizations and Institutions</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="18">
      <name>Places</name>
      <description>A fixed location. Metadata for a place provides descriptive information that is the basis of discovery of the creation, purpose, and agents associated with a place.  </description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="60">
          <name>Date Started</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2786">
              <text>1880</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="54">
          <name>Type of Institution</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2787">
              <text>Religious</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="59">
          <name>Source of File Attached</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2788">
              <text>Colman, David. "Bethany Presbyterian Church." </text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="286">
                <text>Bethany Presbyterian Church</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="288">
                <text>"Bethany Church organized in 1915." &lt;em&gt;The Record&lt;/em&gt;, 8 Sep. 1949, p. 24.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="2783">
                <text>Supik, Wilma. "The 'serving' church." &lt;em&gt;The Record&lt;/em&gt;, 11 Apr. 1980, p. A17</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2782">
                <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bethany Presbyterian Church&lt;/strong&gt; has been one of the most important institutions in the history of Englewood, New Jersey. For more than a century, the church has served as a center of worship, education, cultural life, and civic leadership within the city’s African American community. Its story reflects both the local history of Englewood and the broader experience of African Americans within the Presbyterian tradition.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The origins of Bethany Presbyterian Church reach back to &lt;strong&gt;1876&lt;/strong&gt;, when missionary outreach began among Black residents of Englewood. At the time, many African Americans living in the community worked as domestic servants, laborers, and tradespeople serving Englewood’s wealthy households.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Members of the &lt;strong&gt;First Presbyterian Church of Englewood&lt;/strong&gt; organized a mission effort to provide religious instruction, Sunday school classes, and prayer meetings for these residents. By &lt;strong&gt;1880&lt;/strong&gt;, the work had developed into &lt;strong&gt;Calvary Mission&lt;/strong&gt;, which held regular worship services and community gatherings.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Over time the mission grew into a stable congregation with its own leadership and membership. In &lt;strong&gt;1911&lt;/strong&gt;, the church was formally organized as &lt;strong&gt;Bethany Presbyterian Church&lt;/strong&gt;, becoming the third Presbyterian congregation in Englewood and the principal Presbyterian church serving African Americans in the city.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The congregation soon called &lt;strong&gt;Rev. William E. Griffin&lt;/strong&gt; as its first pastor.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;One of Bethany’s most influential early pastors was &lt;strong&gt;Rev. Thomas J. B. Harris&lt;/strong&gt;, who assumed leadership of the church in &lt;strong&gt;1915&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Rev. Harris believed that churches should serve not only spiritual needs but also the economic and educational advancement of the community. Under his leadership Bethany established an ambitious &lt;strong&gt;industrial training school&lt;/strong&gt; designed to teach practical job skills.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Courses offered included instruction in:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;carpentry&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;bricklaying&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;plastering&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;plumbing&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;electricity&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;painting&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;printing&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;tailoring and dressmaking&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;millinery and design&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;domestic science&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Classes were held in the evenings so that students could continue working during the day. The program was intended to help young people who had left school early as well as adults seeking employment opportunities.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Local newspapers praised Bethany as &lt;strong&gt;a pioneer in vocational education in Englewood&lt;/strong&gt;, demonstrating the church’s commitment to social advancement and community empowerment.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Local newspapers praised Bethany as a pioneer in vocational education in Englewood, demonstrating the church’s commitment to social advancement and community empowerment.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This commitment to uplift extended beyond education into the organization of civic and fraternal institutions within the African American community.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In the years following World War I, Bethany Presbyterian Church became an important gathering place for Black veterans returning to Englewood. Many of these men had served in segregated units such as the 92nd Division, fighting for democracy abroad while facing discrimination at home. Upon their return, they sought recognition, fellowship, and opportunities to participate more fully in civic life.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In January 1920, a group of these veterans assembled at Bethany Presbyterian Church to organize the Henry Douglass Post No. 222 of the &lt;span class="hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline"&gt;&lt;span class="whitespace-normal"&gt;American Legion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. According to contemporary newspaper accounts, the meeting was attended by Colonel E. P. D. Moore and representatives of Englewood Post No. 78, who explained the mission of the Legion and emphasized the importance of national service and unity.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;During the meeting, Moore highlighted the “splendid record” of the 92nd Division and affirmed that Black soldiers deserved “the same recognition as other troops,” a statement that was met with strong approval by those present. The newly formed post received financial support to assist in its early development, marking the beginning of an organized network of Black veteran leadership in Englewood.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;At the same time, fraternal organizations were also emerging as key institutions within the community. Among them was &lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class="hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline"&gt;&lt;span class="whitespace-normal"&gt;Henry Douglass Lodge&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, part of the Prince Hall Masonic tradition, which provided structured opportunities for leadership development, mutual aid, and civic engagement. Like the American Legion post, the lodge reflected a broader effort by African American residents to build independent institutions that could support their social, economic, and political advancement.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Together, these organizations illustrate Bethany Presbyterian Church’s role as more than a place of worship. The church functioned as a central hub where community members gathered to establish institutions that would strengthen Black civic life in Englewood. Through the formation of veteran organizations and fraternal networks, Bethany helped foster a generation of leadership rooted in service, resilience, and collective advancement.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Bethany Presbyterian Church was also deeply engaged with the intellectual and political life of the African American community.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;One notable event reported in local newspapers was a &lt;strong&gt;“Triple Affair” celebration&lt;/strong&gt; honoring the legacies of:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Abraham Lincoln&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Frederick Douglass&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Paul Laurence Dunbar&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The program commemorated Lincoln’s role in emancipation, Douglass’s leadership in the abolitionist movement, and Dunbar’s contributions to American literature. The celebration included speeches, community leaders, and invited guests from local political and civic organizations.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Such events demonstrate that Bethany was not only a religious institution but also a &lt;strong&gt;forum for African American historical memory, civic education, and cultural pride&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;By &lt;strong&gt;1926&lt;/strong&gt;, Bethany Presbyterian Church had become a firmly established institution in Englewood. That year the congregation celebrated its &lt;strong&gt;fiftieth anniversary&lt;/strong&gt;, marking half a century of organized ministry.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The anniversary program lasted an entire week and included:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;nightly church services&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;public lectures&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;musical programs&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;guest speakers from across Englewood’s religious community&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Prominent ministers from local congregations participated in the celebration, including representatives from Baptist, Presbyterian, and Episcopal churches.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The anniversary events reflected the church’s strong position within Englewood’s religious and civic life.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Bethany placed strong emphasis on developing leadership among young people.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Newspaper accounts describe youth-led services in which the congregation’s young members conducted the entire worship program. Junior choir members opened the service with a procession, young speakers delivered short addresses, and church youth served as ushers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;These programs helped cultivate confidence and leadership skills among the church’s younger generation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The church also organized recreational activities and outings. One example was the &lt;strong&gt;annual Sunday school picnic&lt;/strong&gt;, where members traveled together by trolley to &lt;strong&gt;Grandview Park near Paterson&lt;/strong&gt; for a day of recreation and fellowship.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Such gatherings were especially meaningful during a time when segregation limited access to many public spaces.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In later decades Bethany continued to sponsor programs that combined cultural expression with community service.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;One event featured the gospel musical &lt;strong&gt;“God’s Trombone,”&lt;/strong&gt; organized by the church’s Women’s Day Committee. The performance was staged as a fundraiser for a proposed &lt;strong&gt;senior citizen and child day-care center on William Street&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The production brought together performers from the Paterson Community Ensemble and regional theater groups, demonstrating the church’s role as a cultural center as well as a place of worship.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Bethany Presbyterian Church also welcomed nationally prominent leaders.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;One of the most notable events in the church’s history was a visit by &lt;strong&gt;Dr. Mary McLeod Bethune&lt;/strong&gt;, the renowned educator, civil rights leader, and founder of &lt;strong&gt;Bethune-Cookman College&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Bethune spoke at Bethany after being barred from delivering a scheduled address at a local school in Englewood. The church opened its doors so that the community could hear her speak, demonstrating Bethany’s willingness to challenge racial barriers and provide a platform for Black leadership.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Bethune’s appearance connected the Englewood congregation to the broader movement for African American education and civil rights.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Bethany also celebrated the dedication of its members.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In &lt;strong&gt;1962&lt;/strong&gt;, the church honored individuals who had belonged to the congregation for &lt;strong&gt;fifty years or more&lt;/strong&gt;. At the commemorative dinner, longtime member &lt;strong&gt;William P. Rhodes&lt;/strong&gt; spoke with three ministers who had served the church, including former pastor &lt;strong&gt;Rev. Thomas J. B. Harris&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Events like this reflected the church’s emphasis on continuity and collective memory.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The church’s history is also reflected in the lives of its members.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Obituaries reveal the many ways Bethany members contributed to Englewood’s civic life.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Examples include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Katherine E. Lennon&lt;/strong&gt;, who volunteered in the church’s soup kitchen and nursery school.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Anna Bell Smith Jackson&lt;/strong&gt;, who served as both an elder and choir member.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Susan E. Jones&lt;/strong&gt;, active in the choir and the Willing Workers Club.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wynnell M. Perry&lt;/strong&gt;, wife of Englewood’s Board of Education president, who participated in church organizations and community charities.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;These records illustrate how Bethany helped nurture community leadership across generations.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The story of Bethany Presbyterian Church reflects the broader experience of African Americans within the Presbyterian denomination.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historically, Presbyterian churches were often dominated by white leadership and European religious traditions. African American congregations had to navigate the challenge of maintaining cultural identity while participating in a denomination with different historical roots.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Scholar &lt;strong&gt;Rev. Dr. Randal Jelks&lt;/strong&gt; has described this tension as a form of cultural marginality faced by Black Presbyterians. Congregations like Bethany worked to reconcile Presbyterian theology with the traditions of the Black church and the realities of racial inequality.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Bethany’s history illustrates how African American Presbyterian congregations developed their own distinctive identity within this framework.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Today Bethany Presbyterian Church remains one of Englewood’s most historic institutions.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;From its origins as a nineteenth-century mission to its role as Englewood’s oldest Black Presbyterian congregation, the church has served as a center of faith, education, activism, and community life.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Through worship services, educational programs, cultural events, and social outreach, Bethany Presbyterian Church has helped shape the history of Englewood for nearly 150 years.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Its story stands as a testament to the power of religious institutions to sustain communities, cultivate leadership, and preserve cultural memory across generations.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;“Bethany Church Is Fifty Years Old: Anniversary Program Is Now Being Observed,” &lt;em&gt;The Record&lt;/em&gt; (Hackensack, NJ), June 30, 1926, p. 6.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;“Founded 1876 – Bethany Presbyterian Church,” &lt;em&gt;The Record&lt;/em&gt; (Hackensack, NJ), June 24, 1926, p. 6.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;“Triple Affair: Lincoln, Douglass, Dunbar Honored at Affair at Bethany Church,” &lt;em&gt;The Record&lt;/em&gt; (Hackensack, NJ), February 12, 1936, p. 10.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;“Industrial School Classes to Be Held,” &lt;em&gt;The Record&lt;/em&gt; (Hackensack, NJ), December 8, 1924, p. 5.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;“Conduct Worship: Young People in Charge of Service at Englewood Bethany Church,” &lt;em&gt;The Record&lt;/em&gt; (Hackensack, NJ), January 27, 1936, p. 16.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;“Bethany Presbyterian Church Will Picnic,” &lt;em&gt;The Record&lt;/em&gt; (Hackensack, NJ), June 30, 1926, p. 6.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;“Church Honors Parish Elders: 50-Year Members Get Bethany Tribute,” &lt;em&gt;The Record&lt;/em&gt; (Hackensack, NJ), February 12, 1962, p. 8.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Lorraine Matys, “A Musical to Rival Gabriel’s Trumpet,” &lt;em&gt;The Record&lt;/em&gt; (Hackensack, NJ), June 6, 1983, p. 18.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;“Bethany Presbyterian Church Marks 103rd Anniversary,” &lt;em&gt;The Record&lt;/em&gt; (Hackensack, NJ), April 3, 1987, p. 39.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;“Susan E. Jones,” obituary, &lt;em&gt;The Record&lt;/em&gt; (Hackensack, NJ), January 20, 1994, p. 34.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;“Katherine E. Lennon,” obituary, &lt;em&gt;The Record&lt;/em&gt; (Hackensack, NJ), September 18, 2002, p. A36.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;“Anna Bell Smith Jackson,” obituary, &lt;em&gt;The Record&lt;/em&gt; (Hackensack, NJ), July 23, 1993, p. 62.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;“John H. Lewis,” obituary, &lt;em&gt;The Record&lt;/em&gt; (Hackensack, NJ), November 26, 1990, p. 27.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;“Eleanor Alston,” obituary, &lt;em&gt;The Teaneck Suburbanite&lt;/em&gt;, October 16, 2002, p. A34.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;“Perry Services Are Tomorrow,” &lt;em&gt;The Record&lt;/em&gt; (Hackensack, NJ), September 27, 1966, p. 22.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;“Dr. Mary McLeod Bethune Speaks at Bethany Church,” &lt;em&gt;The Record&lt;/em&gt; (Hackensack, NJ), July 22, 1976, p. 53.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;“Colored Ex-Service Men of Englewood Form Legion Post,”&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;The Record&lt;/strong&gt; (Hackensack, NJ), January 10, 1920.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2784">
                <text>Colman, David</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="2785">
                <text>Ludder, Rachelle</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6585">
                <text>Religion, Christianity</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="34">
        <name>African American</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="49">
        <name>Religion</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="284" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="328">
        <src>https://archive.englewoodmakeshistory.org/files/original/ad301d7becde73a584f5fd04acc099da.jpg</src>
        <authentication>9432a0774879722f8e7098db4b900973</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="68">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="373">
                  <text>Organizations and Institutions</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="19">
      <name>Organizations and Institutions</name>
      <description>A group of individuals cooperating under similar beliefs to reach an agreed-upon goal. Metadata for organizations and institutions provides information for the basis of an investigation into the creation, purpose, beliefs, and actors involved in an organization and institution.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="54">
          <name>Type of Institution</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="877">
              <text>Social Welfare</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="7202">
              <text>Ethnic</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="59">
          <name>Source of File Attached</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="878">
              <text>"Dr. T. S. Harten to Speak For Boys' Work Council." The New York Age, November 21, 1925, p. 10.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="867">
                <text>Brooklyn Boys' Work Council</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="868">
                <text>Activism, African American </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="869">
                <text>Activism, Education</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="870">
                <text>Child Welfare </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="871">
                <text>Schools</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="872">
                <text>The Brooklyn Boys' Work Council was an organization that worked to help boys direct their future toward "the proper channels." The organization connected organizations that worked with young men such as city churches. Some of the organization's efforts went toward goals, such as helping boys gain an education.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="873">
                <text>"Brooklyn Boys' Work Council Holds Monster Public Mass Meeting." &lt;em&gt;The New York Age&lt;/em&gt;, 24 Apr. 1926, p.3.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="874">
                <text>"Brooklyn Council Plans Boys' Work." &lt;em&gt;Times Union, &lt;/em&gt;25 Nov. 1931, p.17.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="875">
                <text>"Dr. T. S. Harten to Speak For Boys' Work Council." &lt;em&gt;The New York Age, &lt;/em&gt;21 Nov. 1925, p. 10.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="876">
                <text>Ludder, Rachelle</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="28">
        <name>Children</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="30">
        <name>Education</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="39">
        <name>Social Work</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="357" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="960">
        <src>https://archive.englewoodmakeshistory.org/files/original/8732b72bf00e37b9b04646773a63aaad.jpg</src>
        <authentication>fc6df87fd703f0ac12c2796641c12f02</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="68">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="373">
                  <text>Organizations and Institutions</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="19">
      <name>Organizations and Institutions</name>
      <description>A group of individuals cooperating under similar beliefs to reach an agreed-upon goal. Metadata for organizations and institutions provides information for the basis of an investigation into the creation, purpose, beliefs, and actors involved in an organization and institution.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="60">
          <name>Date Started</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="5736">
              <text>1903</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="54">
          <name>Type of Institution</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="5737">
              <text>Religious</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="5738">
              <text>Community</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="59">
          <name>Source of File Attached</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="5739">
              <text>&lt;p&gt;"&lt;a href="https://catholicdaughters.org/history"&gt;History&lt;/a&gt;."&lt;i&gt; - Catholic Daughters of the Americas - New York, NY.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1406">
                <text>Catholic Daughters of America (CAD)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1407">
                <text>&lt;p&gt;"&lt;a href="https://catholicdaughters.org/history"&gt;History&lt;/a&gt;."&lt;i&gt; - Catholic Daughters of the Americas - New York, NY.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5734">
                <text>Religion, Christianity </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5735">
                <text>The Catholic Daughters of America was founded in 1903 by John E. Carberry and the Knights of Columbus as a charitable sorority for catholic women.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="119">
        <name>Charity</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="59">
        <name>Community Work</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="49">
        <name>Religion</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="95">
        <name>Women</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
