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              <text>1944-09-02</text>
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              <text>&lt;p&gt;“&lt;a href="http://www.pennycolman.com/"&gt;Home&lt;/a&gt;.” &lt;i&gt;Penny Colman.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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                <text>Cohen, Richard. "Just in time for Halloween, a book on corpses and burials." &lt;em&gt;The Record&lt;/em&gt;, 31 Oct. 1997, p. L-3.</text>
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                <text>Penny Colman is an author and Civic Leader. She graduated from the University of Michigan and gained a Master of Arts in teaching from Johns Hopkins University. She is an award-winning author of numerous biographies and social histories. She was also a leader of the Parent-Teacher Organization during the 1982 Englewood Teachers' Strike, the executive director of the Center for Food Action, and a member of the Englewood Board of Education.  She has lived in Englewood since 1979. </text>
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                <text>The Colored Voters Association of Bergen County was a countywide African American civic and political organization that served as an organized voice for Black residents in the early twentieth century. It united Black voters from municipalities across Bergen County to assert their rights as full citizens and to demand equal treatment within public institutions. The association consistently grounded its work in the language of law, loyalty, and citizenship, emphasizing that African Americans were entitled to the same protections and opportunities guaranteed to all residents of New Jersey.&#13;
&#13;
The organization maintained a clear leadership structure headed by Dr. W. F. Willoughby, who served as president, with Charles B. Hinton as corresponding secretary and T. B. James as chairman of the executive committee. These leaders were joined by a network of respected local figures across the county, including professionals such as Dr. Edgar Askew of Hackensack, who played an important role in communication and negotiations with county officials. Together, this leadership helped coordinate political activity among Black communities in towns such as Hackensack, Englewood, Garfield, Lodi, Wallington, Rutherford, Ridgewood, Closter, and Westwood.&#13;
&#13;
Politically, the Colored Voters Association functioned as an organized voting bloc aligned with the Republican Party, representing Black Republican voters in every municipality in Bergen County. Under the leadership of Willoughby, Hinton, and James, the association endorsed candidates, mobilized voters, and used its collective influence to press elected officials for concrete commitments. It expected political leaders to honor promises made to Black voters, particularly regarding fair access to public employment and representation within county government.&#13;
&#13;
The association was also prepared to challenge racial discrimination directly. When public institutions excluded Black residents or treated them unequally, the organization convened meetings, adopted formal resolutions, and demanded public hearings and accountability from county authorities. Its leaders called for investigations into discriminatory practices and insisted that officials who violated the law or denied equal treatment be removed from their positions. This strategy reflected a deliberate reliance on legal process and public pressure rather than informal protest alone.&#13;
&#13;
Beyond advocacy and electoral politics, the Colored Voters Association fostered community cohesion and political education through public events. It organized large gatherings and banquets that brought together Black residents, local leaders, candidates, and prominent speakers, reinforcing a shared sense of purpose and political awareness. Through disciplined leadership, coordinated countywide action, and sustained civic engagement, the Colored Voters Association of Bergen County played a significant role in advancing Black political power and civil rights in northern New Jersey well before the modern Civil Rights Movement.&#13;
&#13;
Citation:&#13;
Partly written by OpenAI. (2026, January, 13). ChatGPT (GPT-5.2.) [Large Language Model] https://chat.openai.com/chat.</text>
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                <text>Colman, David</text>
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              <text>Kim, Linsey. "Community Baptist Church." </text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;“&lt;a href="http://www.cbcofe.org/history.php"&gt;Community BC History&lt;/a&gt;.” &lt;i&gt;The Community Baptist Church of Englewood.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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                <text>The Community Baptist Church was founded in 1932. The parishioners are majority African American. Under Reverand Joseph M. Wilson two plots of land were purchased to build a new church in the 1940s. In 1949, a cornerstone for the new church was laid. From the 1970s to the 1990s, Reverand Clarence Kenner improved the facilities. In the 1990s, Reverand Lester W. Taylor Jr. started a motion to create a new facility. Construction on the new church began in June 2008 and was finished in 2011.</text>
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                <text>Complaint by Wilhelm J Sarts</text>
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                <text>Englewood Police Logs and Dockets</text>
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              <text>"&lt;a href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/37761839/john-f-condon?_gl=1*1rvdy5l*_gcl_aw*R0NMLjE3MTkyNTE3MzEuQ2owS0NRandzdVN6QmhDTEFSSXNBSWNkTG02YWlJYl9IcHAwaEpjZHM1aTZDTUxWRFBhai0tUHBtUVhDaVl6R2dabzdFMEFqOFBwSENxb2FBckRpRUFMd193Y0I.*_gcl_dc*R0NMLjE3MTkyNTE3MzEuQ2owS0NRandzdVN6QmhDTEFSSXNBSWNkTG02YWlJYl9IcHAwaEpjZHM1aTZDTUxWRFBhai0tUHBtUVhDaVl6R2dabzdFMEFqOFBwSENxb2FBckRpRUFMd193Y0I.*_gcl_au*MTI5NjY1NDIyNS4xNzE4OTE1Nzcw*_ga*MTk2ODY2MDA3NS4xNzEwNzk0ODY1*_ga_4QT8FMEX30*ZmE3MjIwNGQtYzUxOC00MWZkLWEwY2ItMmI5N2ZkMDlmODkyLjQwLjEuMTcyMzc1NDM2My4yNy4wLjA.*_ga_LMK6K2LSJH*ZmE3MjIwNGQtYzUxOC00MWZkLWEwY2ItMmI5N2ZkMDlmODkyLjQwLjEuMTcyMzc1NDM2My4wLjAuMA.."&gt;Dr. John F. "Jafsie" Condon&lt;/a&gt;." &lt;em&gt;Find A Grave.&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>John F. "Jasfie" Condon was an educator and athletic coach. He was a school principal for the New York City School. He acted as the head football coach for Fordham University. He was involved in the Lindbergh kidnapping as he acted as the intermediary and paid the ransom for Charles Lindberg Jr. He married Myra J. Brown in 1894. He had three children, Myra Ruth Condon Hacker and two sons.</text>
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                <text>"Jasfie Of Kidnap Fame Dead At 84." &lt;em&gt;The Messenger, &lt;/em&gt;3 Jan. 1945, p.6</text>
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