<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<itemContainer xmlns="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5 http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5/omeka-xml-5-0.xsd" uri="https://archive.englewoodmakeshistory.org/items/browse?output=omeka-xml&amp;page=30&amp;sort_field=Dublin+Core%2CTitle" accessDate="2026-10-02T20:06:50+00:00">
  <miscellaneousContainer>
    <pagination>
      <pageNumber>30</pageNumber>
      <perPage>10</perPage>
      <totalResults>894</totalResults>
    </pagination>
  </miscellaneousContainer>
  <item itemId="187" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="66">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="371">
                  <text>Events</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="8">
      <name>Event</name>
      <description>A non-persistent, time-based occurrence. Metadata for an event provides descriptive information that is the basis for discovery of the purpose, location, duration, and responsible agents associated with an event. Examples include an exhibition, webcast, conference, workshop, open day, performance, battle, trial, wedding, tea party, conflagration.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="60">
          <name>Date Started</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="5282">
              <text>1982-03-01</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="58">
          <name>Date Ended</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="5283">
              <text>1982-03-17</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="59">
          <name>Source of File Attached</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="5284">
              <text>Lundstrom, Meg. "Taking sides in Englewood." &lt;em&gt;The Record,&lt;/em&gt; 14 Mar. 1982, p.A-1, A-20.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="62">
          <name>Type of Event</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="5285">
              <text>Protest</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="415">
                <text>Englewood Teachers Strike 1982</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="416">
                <text>Lundstrom, Meg and Michael Remez. "Englewood trustees KO arbitration plans." &lt;em&gt;The Record&lt;/em&gt;, 5 Mar. 1981, p.C-1, C-2.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="5278">
                <text>Remez, Michael. "Englewood teachers ratify contract, 146-4." &lt;em&gt;The Record&lt;/em&gt;, 1 Apr. 1982, p. C-3, C-4.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="5279">
                <text>Lundstrom, Meg. "After the teacher strike: nursing war wounds." &lt;em&gt;The Record&lt;/em&gt;, 2 Apr. 1982, p.D-3.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5273">
                <text>Strikes</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="5274">
                <text>Labor Unions</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="5275">
                <text>Labor Conditions</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="5276">
                <text>Schools, Public</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5277">
                <text>On March 1, 1982, Englewood teachers began a 17-day strike. They were protesting wages and benefits. The strike ended in a new three-year contract between teachers and the school district.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5280">
                <text>Colman, David</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="5281">
                <text>Ludder, Rachelle</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="30">
        <name>Education</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="23">
        <name>Labor</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="29">
        <name>Protests</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="634" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="68">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="373">
                  <text>Organizations and Institutions</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="19">
      <name>Organizations and Institutions</name>
      <description>A group of individuals cooperating under similar beliefs to reach an agreed-upon goal. Metadata for organizations and institutions provides information for the basis of an investigation into the creation, purpose, beliefs, and actors involved in an organization and institution.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="54">
          <name>Type of Institution</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="4000">
              <text>Social Welfare</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="4695">
              <text>Political</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="60">
          <name>Date Started</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="4028">
              <text>1969?</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="59">
          <name>Source of File Attached</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="4029">
              <text>Schlieben, Dan. "City Takes First Step Toward Rent Controls." &lt;em&gt;The Record&lt;/em&gt;, 6 Nov. 1969, p.C-1.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="3990">
                <text>Englewood Tenants Association</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="4023">
                <text>Englewood Tenants Association was developed in the late 1960s. The president was John Carter. This organization was a gathering of tenants who called for action due to poor housing conditions including a lack of sanitation, inadequate utilities, and high rent prices.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="4024">
                <text>"Word With Owner Aim Of Tenants." &lt;em&gt;The Record&lt;/em&gt;, 4 Nov. 1969, p.B-1.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="4025">
                <text>Schlieben, Dan. "City Takes First Step Toward Rent Controls." &lt;em&gt;The Record&lt;/em&gt;, 6 Nov. 1969, p.C-1.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="4026">
                <text>Ludder, Rachelle</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="4027">
                <text>Colman, David</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="112">
        <name>Housing</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="964" public="1" featured="0">
    <itemType itemTypeId="19">
      <name>Organizations and Institutions</name>
      <description>A group of individuals cooperating under similar beliefs to reach an agreed-upon goal. Metadata for organizations and institutions provides information for the basis of an investigation into the creation, purpose, beliefs, and actors involved in an organization and institution.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="8495">
                <text>Englewood Tenants Association</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="254" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="933">
        <src>https://archive.englewoodmakeshistory.org/files/original/45dc86d1969ae9d7530fa399499733d6.jpg</src>
        <authentication>7203944db58a09271112d71ebce3061f</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="69">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="374">
                  <text>Places</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="18">
      <name>Places</name>
      <description>A fixed location. Metadata for a place provides descriptive information that is the basis of discovery of the creation, purpose, and agents associated with a place.  </description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Type of Place</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="686">
              <text>Theaters</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="60">
          <name>Date Started</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="687">
              <text>1914</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="58">
          <name>Date Ended</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="688">
              <text>1967?</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="59">
          <name>Source of File Attached</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="5501">
              <text>"Washington Savings Bank opens in Englewood after legal flurry." &lt;em&gt;The Record&lt;/em&gt;, 8 Jan 1973, p. A-18.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="666">
                <text>Englewood Theater</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="667">
                <text>"Washington Savings Bank opens in Englewood after legal flurry." &lt;em&gt;The Record&lt;/em&gt;, 8 Jan 1973, p.A-18.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="5497">
                <text>&lt;span&gt;"Englewood Man is Theatre Owners' Officer." &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;The Record,&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt;December 23, 1926, p.15.&lt;/span&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="5498">
                <text>Schlieben, Dan. "Old Movie House Heads Into Sunset." &lt;em&gt;The Record,&lt;/em&gt; 17 Oct. 1969, p. C-1.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="7106">
                <text>"Plaza Theater Has Met With Sucess." &lt;em&gt;The Record&lt;/em&gt;, 19 Jan. 1927, p. 17.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="685">
                <text>The Englewood Theater was open in 1914 until the late 1960s. It was created by &lt;span&gt;Franklyn Edmund Backer&lt;/span&gt; and E. Thorton Kelly was the owner of the theater in the 1920s. It became a meeting ground for many political and community meetings.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5495">
                <text>Theater</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="5496">
                <text>Movies</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5499">
                <text>Colman, David</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="5500">
                <text>Ludder, Rachelle</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="91">
        <name>Entertainment</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="105">
        <name>Recreation</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="231" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="1100">
        <src>https://archive.englewoodmakeshistory.org/files/original/f132799d4f2ae3dc9ab72e28c68f2e60.jpg</src>
        <authentication>14f957d494e8ee72ceba560bce840a54</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="68">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="373">
                  <text>Organizations and Institutions</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="19">
      <name>Organizations and Institutions</name>
      <description>A group of individuals cooperating under similar beliefs to reach an agreed-upon goal. Metadata for organizations and institutions provides information for the basis of an investigation into the creation, purpose, beliefs, and actors involved in an organization and institution.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="60">
          <name>Date Started</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="514">
              <text>1954</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="58">
          <name>Date Ended</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="515">
              <text>2024-04-01</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="54">
          <name>Type of Institution</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="516">
              <text>Social Welfare</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="59">
          <name>Source of File Attached</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="7089">
              <text>"Daytime Ambulance Service In Englewood Grinds To A Stop." &lt;em&gt;Northern Valley Suburbanite&lt;/em&gt;, 7 Mar. 2007, p. A13. </text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="500">
                <text>Englewood Volunteer Ambulance Corp</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="501">
                <text>“&lt;a href="https://cityofenglewood.org/CivicAlerts.aspx?AID=529"&gt;Dissolution of Englewood Volunteer Ambulance Corps&lt;/a&gt;.” City of Englewood New Jersey, 11 Mar. 2024.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="7085">
                <text>Yellin, Deena. "Who'll rescue us?" &lt;em&gt;The Record&lt;/em&gt;, 26 Jan. 2007, p. A1.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="7088">
                <text>"Daytime Ambulance Service In Englewood Grinds To A Stop." &lt;em&gt;Northern Valley Suburbanite&lt;/em&gt;, 7 Mar. 2007, p. A13. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="511">
                <text>Health Care</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="4820">
                <text>Medical Services</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="512">
                <text>The Englewood Volunteer Corps (EVAC) was founded in 1954. It was a nonprofit emergency medical agency funded by the city and medical billing donations. The organization stopped service on April 1, 2024, due to declining membership and operational constraints.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="7086">
                <text>Colman, David</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="7087">
                <text>Ludder, Rachelle</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="46">
        <name>Health</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="1197" public="1" featured="1">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="1756">
        <src>https://archive.englewoodmakeshistory.org/files/original/63a0e46da569355a9cc2b05f16701a74.png</src>
        <authentication>57c37d8b5e7053ddd1ac11ffe35002ac</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <itemType itemTypeId="19">
      <name>Organizations and Institutions</name>
      <description>A group of individuals cooperating under similar beliefs to reach an agreed-upon goal. Metadata for organizations and institutions provides information for the basis of an investigation into the creation, purpose, beliefs, and actors involved in an organization and institution.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9226">
                <text>Englewood's Influence on Michael Jackson</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9227">
                <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The Mizell Brothers, Freddie Perren, Michael Jackson, and Englewood's Hidden Place in Music History&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;When people think about the origins of hip hop, they often think of the Bronx, Harlem, Queens, or the studios of Sugar Hill Records in Englewood, New Jersey. Few realize that decades before hip hop emerged, a remarkable group of young musicians from Englewood helped create some of the most influential music of the twentieth century. At the center of that story were brothers Larry and Alphonso "Fonce" Mizell and their childhood friend Freddie Perren.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Mizell brothers spent much of their youth in Englewood, where they attended local schools and developed their musical talents. Alongside fellow Englewood native Freddie Perren, they formed an early vocal group known as the Nikons. Their friendship and musical partnership would eventually help shape the careers of Michael Jackson, The Jackson 5, and countless other artists whose music continues to influence popular culture today.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Mizells' story also connects Englewood to an even deeper tradition of African American music history. The brothers were related to the legendary songwriter and lyricist Andy Razaf, one of the most important figures of the Harlem Renaissance. Razaf collaborated with jazz giants including Thomas "Fats" Waller and helped create standards such as &lt;strong&gt;"Ain't Misbehavin'," "Honeysuckle Rose,"&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;"Black and Blue."&lt;/strong&gt; Widely regarded as one of the greatest lyricists in American music history, Razaf's influence can be heard throughout jazz, popular music, and the Great American Songbook. He also maintained ties to Englewood, where he was active in civic and political affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The family's musical legacy continued into later generations through cousin &lt;strong&gt;Cindy Mizelle&lt;/strong&gt;, one of the most accomplished backing vocalists in popular music. Over the course of her distinguished career, she performed with artists including Bruce Springsteen, Luther Vandross, Mariah Carey, Whitney Houston, and Dave Matthews Band. Her longtime role as a backing vocalist for Bruce Springsteen connected yet another chapter of American music history to the extended Mizell family and, by extension, to Englewood itself.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;After graduating from Englewood schools, the Mizells and Perren attended Howard University, where they further developed their musical skills. Their paths eventually led to Los Angeles and Motown Records, where Perren and Fonce Mizell joined legendary songwriter and producer Deke Richards and Motown founder Berry Gordy Jr. to form a production and songwriting team known as &lt;strong&gt;The Corporation&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Corporation's first major assignment was a young family group recently signed from Gary, Indiana: The Jackson 5.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The results changed music history.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Together, Perren, Fonce Mizell, Richards, and Gordy wrote and produced &lt;strong&gt;"I Want You Back," "ABC," "The Love You Save," "Mama's Pearl,"&lt;/strong&gt; and other early Jackson 5 classics. These records introduced the world to an eleven-year-old Michael Jackson and established the sound that would make him one of the most famous entertainers in history.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Jackson 5's first three singles all reached No. 1 on the Billboard charts, an unprecedented achievement that transformed Motown and launched Michael Jackson's path toward superstardom. While Berry Gordy often received much of the public attention, it was the creative work of Englewood's Freddie Perren and Fonce Mizell that helped craft the infectious melodies, sophisticated arrangements, and youthful energy that defined these recordings.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Perren's role in Michael Jackson's success continued beyond the Jackson 5. He later co-wrote &lt;strong&gt;"Ben,"&lt;/strong&gt; Michael Jackson's first solo No. 1 hit, helping establish Jackson as a star in his own right. From Michael's earliest Jackson 5 triumphs to his emergence as a solo performer, Perren's fingerprints were all over the foundation of one of the most extraordinary careers in entertainment history.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Yet the impact of the Englewood musicians extended far beyond Michael Jackson.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;After leaving Motown, the Mizell brothers formed &lt;strong&gt;Sky High Productions&lt;/strong&gt;, one of the most innovative production companies of the 1970s. Working closely with jazz trumpeter Donald Byrd, they helped create a new sound that blended jazz improvisation, funk rhythms, soul grooves, and commercial accessibility. Albums such as &lt;em&gt;Black Byrd&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Street Lady&lt;/em&gt;, and Bobbi Humphrey's &lt;em&gt;Blacks and Blues&lt;/em&gt; became landmarks of jazz-funk and helped lay the foundation for future genres including acid jazz, neo-soul, and contemporary R&amp;amp;B.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The brothers' productions transformed the careers of artists including Donald Byrd, The Blackbyrds, Bobbi Humphrey, Johnny Hammond, Gary Bartz, and others. Although some jazz critics initially resisted their crossover approach, the Mizells ultimately helped create one of the most influential sounds of the 1970s.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;At the same time, Freddie Perren became one of the dominant hitmakers of the disco era. He produced and wrote classics including &lt;strong&gt;"Boogie Fever"&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;"Hot Line"&lt;/strong&gt; by The Sylvers, &lt;strong&gt;"Heaven Must Be Missing an Angel"&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;"Don't Take Away the Music"&lt;/strong&gt; by Tavares, &lt;strong&gt;"Shake Your Groove Thing"&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;"Reunited"&lt;/strong&gt; by Peaches &amp;amp; Herb, and the immortal Gloria Gaynor anthem &lt;strong&gt;"I Will Survive,"&lt;/strong&gt; which won a Grammy Award and became one of the most enduring songs of the twentieth century.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Perren also contributed to the success of the landmark &lt;strong&gt;Saturday Night Fever&lt;/strong&gt; soundtrack, helping create music that defined the disco era and earned the Grammy Award for Album of the Year.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Mizells crossed into mainstream pop and disco success as well. Through Sky High Productions they helped create &lt;strong&gt;"Boogie Oogie Oogie"&lt;/strong&gt; by A Taste of Honey, one of the defining hits of the late 1970s and one of the era's most recognizable dance records.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Their influence did not end there.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;As hip hop emerged during the late 1970s and 1980s, producers and DJs increasingly turned to the rich grooves created by the Mizell brothers and Freddie Perren. Recordings by Donald Byrd, The Blackbyrds, Bobbi Humphrey, Johnny Hammond, and other Sky High Productions artists became fertile ground for sampling. Artists including &lt;strong&gt;A Tribe Called Quest&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;De La Soul&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;J Dilla&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;Madlib&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;Pete Rock&lt;/strong&gt;, and countless others drew upon the Mizells' lush arrangements, deep bass lines, sophisticated harmonies, and innovative rhythms.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In this way, the music created by Englewood musicians in the 1960s and 1970s became woven directly into the fabric of hip hop culture.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This connection is particularly significant because Englewood occupies another important place in hip hop history. Just a few years after Perren and the Mizells helped launch Michael Jackson's career, &lt;strong&gt;Sugar Hill Records&lt;/strong&gt; established itself in Englewood under the leadership of Sylvia Robinson. Sugar Hill released &lt;strong&gt;"Rapper's Delight"&lt;/strong&gt; in 1979, widely regarded as the first commercially successful hip hop record, and helped introduce rap music to audiences around the world. The label would become one of the most important institutions in the early history of hip hop.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taken together, these stories reveal that Englewood's contribution to modern music extends far beyond what most people realize. The city helped nurture Freddie Perren and the Mizell brothers, whose work launched Michael Jackson's career, transformed jazz-funk and disco, and supplied many of the sounds later sampled by hip hop artists. Through Andy Razaf, Englewood is connected to the Harlem Renaissance and the birth of modern American songwriting. Through Cindy Mizelle, that legacy extends into contemporary popular music. Through Sugar Hill Records, Englewood became one of the places where hip hop entered the mainstream.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;From Andy Razaf and the Harlem Renaissance to Freddie Perren and the Jackson 5; from the jazz-funk innovations of the Mizell Brothers to the rise of disco, from Bruce Springsteen's stage to Sugar Hill Records and the birth of hip hop, Englewood occupies a unique and often overlooked place in American music history. Few communities can claim direct connections to so many pivotal moments in the evolution of twentieth-century Black music and popular culture.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The careers of Freddie Perren and the Mizell Brothers remind us that Englewood was not merely a witness to musical history—it helped create it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;Remarkably, Englewood's influence on Michael Jackson did not end with Freddie Perren and the Jackson 5.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class="isSelectedEnd"&gt;&lt;span&gt;A generation later, another Englewood musician, songwriter, and producer would help shape Jackson's sound during one of the most important periods of his adult career.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class="isSelectedEnd"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Bernard Belle grew up in Englewood and attended Dwight Morrow High School before beginning his professional career as a guitarist. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Bernard's musical development was also deeply rooted in Englewood's church community. He and his sister, Grammy Award-winning singer &lt;span class="hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline"&gt;&lt;span class="whitespace-normal"&gt;Regina Belle&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, were active members of &lt;span class="hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline"&gt;&lt;span class="whitespace-normal"&gt;Mount Calvary Baptist Church&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, where Bernard served as the church organist. The church proved to be an important incubator of musical talent and became a gathering place for future performers who would go on to achieve national success.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Among those connected to Mount Calvary was &lt;a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B2WYyyBDOxU"&gt;&lt;span class="hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline"&gt;&lt;span class="whitespace-normal"&gt;Eric Williams&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, later a member of the R&amp;amp;B group &lt;span class="hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline"&gt;&lt;span class="whitespace-normal"&gt;Blackstreet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. While attending the church, Williams performed in a gospel quartet alongside &lt;span class="hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline"&gt;&lt;span class="whitespace-normal"&gt;Fred 'Big Bub' Drakeford&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; of the R&amp;amp;B group &lt;span class="hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline"&gt;&lt;span class="whitespace-normal"&gt;Today&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span class="hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline"&gt;&lt;span class="whitespace-normal"&gt;Chauncey Black&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; of the group &lt;span class="hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline"&gt;&lt;span class="whitespace-normal"&gt;Riff&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, and Michael Nest, better known as &lt;span class="hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline"&gt;&lt;span class="whitespace-normal"&gt;Nitty Green&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. Their performances reflected the close relationship between gospel music and the contemporary R&amp;amp;B traditions that many Englewood musicians would later help shape.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Mount Calvary Baptist Church thus served not only as a center of worship but also as one of the community's most important musical training grounds. Long before these artists appeared on concert stages, radio playlists, and television screens, they honed their talents in church choirs, gospel groups, and worship services in Englewood.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;Like many successful musicians, his first major break came through family connections. His sister, Grammy Award-winning singer Regina Belle, recommended him for a position playing guitar with the R&amp;amp;B group The Manhattans. Belle later described this opportunity as the beginning of a "domino effect" that launched his career in the music industry.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class="isSelectedEnd"&gt;&lt;span&gt;During the 1980s, Belle became a key collaborator of producer Teddy Riley, one of the architects of New Jack Swing, the groundbreaking fusion of R&amp;amp;B, hip hop, and pop that transformed Black popular music. Together, Riley and Belle helped create a sound that would dominate radio and influence a generation of artists.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class="isSelectedEnd"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Their work eventually brought Belle into Michael Jackson's creative circle during the recording of Jackson's landmark 1991 album &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span&gt;Dangerous&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt;. According to Belle, Riley asked him to develop a series of musical tracks and demos for Jackson. Two of those ideas evolved into the songs &lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span&gt;"Remember the Time"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span&gt; and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span&gt;"Why You Wanna Trip on Me,"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span&gt; both of which became important tracks on the album.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class="isSelectedEnd"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Belle later recalled that the process was highly collaborative. For "Remember the Time," he provided the musical foundation upon which Jackson built the melody and lyrics. For "Why You Wanna Trip on Me," Jackson specifically asked Belle to develop a socially conscious lyrical concept addressing larger issues facing society. Jackson and Riley subsequently expanded and refined the song, but Belle's ideas formed an important part of its foundation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class="isSelectedEnd"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Perhaps most revealing were Belle's memories of Jackson as a collaborator. Despite being one of the most famous entertainers in the world, Jackson frequently reminded musicians that "there's no room in the studio for ego—you leave that at the door." Belle remembered Jackson as someone who trusted talented writers and producers, encouraged creative contributions, and possessed a remarkable ability to transform good ideas into great ones.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class="isSelectedEnd"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Belle reunited with Jackson a decade later during the recording of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span&gt;Invincible&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt; (2001), co-writing &lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span&gt;"Privacy,"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span&gt; a song inspired by Jackson's struggles with media intrusion and paparazzi culture. Belle recalled Jackson describing rhythms by beatboxing them in the studio and actively participating in the songwriting process. The collaboration offered a rare glimpse into Jackson's creative methods and demonstrated the trust he placed in fellow musicians.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Taken together, the careers of Freddie Perren and Bernard Belle reveal a remarkable historical continuity. In 1969, Englewood's Freddie Perren helped introduce the world to the young Michael Jackson through the Jackson 5's first No. 1 hits. More than twenty years later, Englewood's Bernard Belle helped shape Jackson's sound during the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span&gt;Dangerous&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt; era, one of the most successful and influential periods of his adult career. Few communities can claim such a direct connection to both the beginning and the reinvention of one of the most important entertainers in modern history.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;From Andy Razaf and the Harlem Renaissance to Freddie Perren and the Jackson 5; from the jazz-funk innovations of the Mizell Brothers to Bernard Belle's contributions to Michael Jackson's &lt;em&gt;Dangerous&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Invincible&lt;/em&gt; albums; from disco and jazz fusion to Sugar Hill Records and the birth of hip hop, Englewood occupies a unique place in American music history. Across nearly a century, musicians connected to Englewood helped shape jazz, rhythm and blues, Motown, disco, New Jack Swing, hip hop, and popular music worldwide. The city was not simply a backdrop to these developments—it was one of the places where they were created.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9228">
                <text>Probably Matthew Rolston</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9229">
                <text>worthpoint</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9230">
                <text>wikipedia </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9231">
                <text>1983</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9232">
                <text>Colman, David</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9233">
                <text>Public Domain</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="685" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="65">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="370">
                  <text>People</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="12">
      <name>People</name>
      <description>An individual. Metadata for a person provides detailed biographical information to describe the life of a historical figure. </description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="31">
          <name>Birth Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="6181">
              <text>1920-12-17</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="32">
          <name>Birthplace</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="6182">
              <text>Ontario, Virginia, uSA</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="33">
          <name>Death Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="6183">
              <text>2011-12-18</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="34">
          <name>Occupation</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="6184">
              <text>Physician</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="59">
          <name>Source of File Attached</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="6185">
              <text>Tat, Lihn. "Dr. Josephine English, 91." &lt;em&gt;The Record&lt;/em&gt;, 1 Jan. 2012, p.L3.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6175">
                <text>English, Josephine (1920-2011)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6176">
                <text>Medical Services</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6177">
                <text>Josephine English was the daughter of Whittie English Sr. and Jennie English. She and her siblings were raised in Englewood. Her brother, Whittie English Jr. built a successfuly real estate business in Englewood and the surrounding towns. 
&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dr. English was a trailblazing obstetrician–gynecologist and one of the most influential Black women physicians of the twentieth century. Born in Virginia and raised in Englewood New Jersey, English forged a distinguished path in medicine at a time when both racial and gender barriers sharply limited opportunities for African American women in the profession.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;She earned her undergraduate degree from Hunter College and completed her medical training at Meharry Medical College, one of the nation’s foremost historically Black medical institutions. After residency, English established herself in Brooklyn, New York, where she became the &lt;strong&gt;first Black woman licensed to practice obstetrics and gynecology in New York State&lt;/strong&gt;. Over the course of her career, she delivered thousands of babies and became an anchor of reproductive and maternal health care for Black and working-class families across Brooklyn. She delivered all of Malcolm X's and Betty Shabazz's children.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Dr. English’s medical practice was inseparable from her community activism. She founded several women’s health clinics aimed at expanding access to prenatal care, family planning, and reproductive health services for underserved populations. Her commitment to accessible care made her a beloved and essential figure in Bedford-Stuyvesant and Crown Heights, where she was known not only as a physician but as a mentor, advocate, and cultural leader.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Beyond medicine, English was also a philanthropist and arts supporter. She founded the &lt;strong&gt;Paul Robeson Theater&lt;/strong&gt; in Brooklyn, transforming an abandoned church into a vibrant cultural space that hosted productions, community events, and youth programming. Her work embodied a vision of holistic community care—addressing not just physical health but cultural life, social well-being, and neighborhood empowerment.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Throughout her life, Dr. Josephine English received numerous awards for her service, including recognition from city and state governments for her contributions to public health and community development. Her legacy endures through the countless families she served, the institutions she built, and her enduring example of Black female leadership in medicine and community life.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6178">
                <text>Tat, Lihn. "Dr. Josephine English, 91." &lt;em&gt;The Record&lt;/em&gt;, 1 Jan. 2012, p.L3.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="6179">
                <text>&lt;p&gt;“&lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_English"&gt;Josephine English&lt;/a&gt;.” &lt;i&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/i&gt;, Wikimedia Foundation, 29 Jan. 2024.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6180">
                <text>Ludder, Rachelle</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="34">
        <name>African American</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="46">
        <name>Health</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="888" public="1" featured="0">
    <itemType itemTypeId="12">
      <name>People</name>
      <description>An individual. Metadata for a person provides detailed biographical information to describe the life of a historical figure. </description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="7934">
                <text>English, Whittie Jr. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="7935">
                <text>Amsterdam News, August 26, 1965</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="8182">
                <text>unkown</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="8183">
                <text>newspaper.com</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="8184">
                <text>August 28, 1965</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="8185">
                <text>Rightsholder Being Researched</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="8186">
                <text>Whittie English Jr. (1917–2006) was a World War II veteran, real estate broker, builder, and influential civic leader whose work expanded homeownership opportunities for African Americans in Bergen County, New Jersey. Over the course of his life, English combined military service, entrepreneurship, and public service to challenge racial barriers and promote economic advancement. During World War II, English served as one of the first African American officers in the U.S. Army Signal Corps. While stationed in Alabama, he was involved in training the Tuskegee Airmen, the all-Black fighter pilot unit that played a critical role in the war and in the eventual desegregation of the U.S. military. His wartime experience placed him at the center of one of the most significant chapters in African American military history. After returning home, English studied masonry and architecture and entered the construction field. He built more than 125 houses in Englewood, many located near his office on Lafayette and Forest Avenues. In 1952, he founded a real estate business, initially selling homes he constructed with his father before concentrating fully on real estate brokerage. He viewed real estate as a flexible and empowering profession, particularly for African Americans seeking economic stability. English devoted his career to helping Black families become first-time homeowners at a time when discriminatory housing practices were widespread. He assisted clients in repairing credit, securing financing, and navigating a system that often excluded them. In some cases, he personally arranged payment plans to make home purchases possible. His efforts helped thousands of African Americans purchase homes in Bergen County, including families moving into communities such as Englewood and Teaneck. His commitment to community extended beyond housing. English served as president of the Black Republican Council, chaired the Bergen County Housing Authority, and was active in both the NAACP and the Urban League of Bergen County. He also helped establish the Englewood Social Club, a professional organization created to support and connect Black men. Remembered by family and colleagues as a trailblazer and mentor, Whittie English Jr. left a lasting legacy rooted in service, opportunity, and leadership. Through his work in housing and public life, he played a central role in reshaping access to property ownership and strengthening African American communities in northern New Jersey. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="656" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="822">
        <src>https://archive.englewoodmakeshistory.org/files/original/10f0b6ee974e04c6f1d5f829348beec2.jpg</src>
        <authentication>ed0fd188f045aca8b308b48a86ba5608</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="68">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="373">
                  <text>Organizations and Institutions</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="19">
      <name>Organizations and Institutions</name>
      <description>A group of individuals cooperating under similar beliefs to reach an agreed-upon goal. Metadata for organizations and institutions provides information for the basis of an investigation into the creation, purpose, beliefs, and actors involved in an organization and institution.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="60">
          <name>Date Started</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="4490">
              <text>1882</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="54">
          <name>Type of Institution</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="4491">
              <text>Social Welfare</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="59">
          <name>Source of File Attached</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="4492">
              <text>&lt;p&gt;"Entertainment Community Fund Formerly The Actors Fund."&lt;i&gt; &lt;a href="https://entertainmentcommunity.org/"&gt;Entertainment Community Fund&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="4485">
                <text>Entertainment Fund Community</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="4486">
                <text>Social Services</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="4487">
                <text>The Entertainment Fund is a non-profit organization that supports entertainers. The organization was established in 1882 and provides numerous services including financial assistance, affordable housing, health care, senior care, and career development.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="4488">
                <text>&lt;p&gt;"Entertainment Community Fund Formerly The Actors Fund."&lt;i&gt; &lt;a href="https://entertainmentcommunity.org/"&gt;Entertainment Community Fund&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="4489">
                <text>Ludder, Rachelle</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="59">
        <name>Community Work</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="91">
        <name>Entertainment</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="39">
        <name>Social Work</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="710" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="1041">
        <src>https://archive.englewoodmakeshistory.org/files/original/ccf0354202ad7102a8103d749e4097f3.jpg</src>
        <authentication>06adc998ddd1b04cc5192cdef8469606</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="1042">
        <src>https://archive.englewoodmakeshistory.org/files/original/fe42d0c100e072f80424227590c8e6d9.jpg</src>
        <authentication>1ec338babe89df946f4b1c323a938344</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Document</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="59">
          <name>Source of File Attached</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="6508">
              <text>Isitt, Ernest. "Letter to the Editor of the News." &lt;em&gt;The New of Cumberland County&lt;/em&gt;, 8 Mar. 1911, p.6.</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="6509">
              <text>"The Late Bishop Whitaker." &lt;em&gt;The New of Cumberland County&lt;/em&gt;, 8 Mar. 1911, p.6.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="61">
          <name>Type of Document</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="6510">
              <text>Correspondences</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="6511">
              <text>Newspapers (issues or clippings)</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6496">
                <text>Ernest Isitt to the Editor of The News of Cumberland County, March 7, 1911</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="6497">
                <text>The Late Bishop Whitaker</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6498">
                <text>Religion, Christianity</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6499">
                <text>Ernest Isitt writes a tribute about Ozi William Whitaker to the Editor of &lt;em&gt;The News of Cumberland County. &lt;/em&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6500">
                <text>Isitt, Ernest</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="6501">
                <text>&lt;em&gt;The News Of Cumberland County&lt;/em&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6502">
                <text>Isitt, Ernest. "Letter to the Editor of the News." &lt;em&gt;The New of Cumberland County&lt;/em&gt;, 8 Mar. 1911, p.6.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="6503">
                <text>"The Late Bishop Whitaker." &lt;em&gt;The New of Cumberland County&lt;/em&gt;, 8 Mar. 1911, p.6.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6504">
                <text>1911-03-07</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6505">
                <text>Ludder, Rachelle</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6506">
                <text>Public Domain</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6507">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="58">
        <name>Death</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="99">
        <name>Memorials</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="49">
        <name>Religion</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
